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KROK 1 Dentistry 2006 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2006 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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The lung hypertension and cardiac insufficiency of right ventricle with ascites and edemata developed at patient with pneumosclerosis. What is the principal pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?
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Damage of one of the reactors at a nuclear power plant resulted in runout of radioactive products. People who were present in the high-radiation area got approximately 250-300 R. They were urgently taken to the hospital. What blood changes will be typical for this period?
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Dystrophic changes of heart are accompanied by dilatation of cardiac cavities, decrease of heart beat force, increased volume of blood that remains in cardiac cavity after systole; veins are overfilled. What state is this presentation typical for?
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After poisoning with an unknown drug a 37-year-old patient has stereotypical face muscle contractions that imitate blinking and squinting. What form of motor function disorder of nervous system is it?
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A patient with adenoma of glomeral zone of adrenal cortex (Conn's disease) has arterial hypertension, convulsions, polyuria. What is the main link in pathogenesis of these disorders?
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A man who took part in disaster-management at a nuclear power plant had hemorrhagic syndrome at the same time with acute radiation sickness. What is the most important thing for the pathogenesis of this syndrome?
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After a long-lasting and grave illness the blood pressure of a patient fell up to 60/40 mm; he has tachicardia, dyspnea, black-out. How can this state be defined?
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A 56-year-old man was taken to the hospital with complaints of general weakness, pain and burning in the region of tongue, extremity numbness. In the past he had resection of cardiac part of ventricle. Blood test: Hb- 80 g/L; RBC-2,0 × 1012/l; colour index of blood- 1,2; leukocytes - 3,5 × 109/l. What type of anemy is it?
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After recovering from epidemic parotiditis a patient began to put off weight, he was permanently thirsty, drank a lot of water, had frequent urination, voracious appetite. Now he has complaints of skin itch, weakness, furunculosis. His blood contains: glucose -16 mmole/L, ketone bodies -100 mcmole/L; glucosuria. What disease has developed?
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A patient has the following diagnosis: renal hypertension. What is the initial pathogenetic factor of arterial hypertension development in this case?
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A 7-year-old child had an acute onset of disease. Pediatrician stated that mucous membrane of fauces is hyperemic and covered with a lot of mucus. Mucous membrane of cheeks has whitish stains. Next day the child's skin of face, neck, body was covered with coarsely-papular rash. What disease may be presumed?
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A 10-year-old child lives in the region where fluorine content in water is above the mark. A dentist examined the child and found teeth damage in form of chalky and also pigmentary stains and stripes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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A 53-year-old patient consulted a doctor about white patch on the mucous membrane of tongue. This patch sticks out from the mucous membrane, its surface is cracked. Microscopic analysis reveals thickening of multilayer epithelium, parakeratosis and acanthosis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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The microscopic analysis of bronch biopsy revealed a tumor that consisted of circumscribed accumulations of atypical cells of multylayer plane epithelium, here and there with typical "pearls". What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Histologic examination revealed in all layers of appendix a big number of polymorthonuclear leukocytes; hyperemia, stases. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
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Microscopic analysis of a specimen revealed an organ of nervous system that consists of pseudounipolar neurons covered with glial and connective tissue membranes. Determine this organ:
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Microscopic analysis of brain base vessels of a patient who died of ischemic stroke revealed that intima of cerebral vessels is irregular, with moderate quantity of yellow stains and yellowish-whitish patches that narrow lumen. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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Autopsy of a 5-year-old child revealed that pia maters of brain are extremely plethoric, nebulous, have a look of yellowish-green "bonnet". Microscopic analysis: pia mater of brain is very thickened, plethoric, impregnated with purulent exudate containing fibrin. What disease is meant?
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Tissue sample of soft palate arches that was taken because a tumor was suspected (microscopic analysis revealed an ulcer with dense fundus) revealed mucous membrane necrosis, submucous layer was infiltrated by lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, plasmocytes, solitary neutrophils. There was also evident endovasculitis and perivasculitis. What desease are these changes typical for?
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During morphologic analysis of pulp floor three zones can be distinctly differentiated: the one of softened dentin, transparent dentin and replacing dentin. What stage of caries are these changes typical for?
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A 65-year-old patient suddenly died. She suffered from thrombophlebitis of deep veins of shin. Autopsy revealed: trunk and bifurcation of pulmonary artery contain red loose masses with dull corrugated surface. What pathological process did the morbid anatomist reveal in pulmonary artery?
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Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from patient's skin reveals granulomas that consist of epithelioid cells surrounded mostly by T-lymphocytes. Among epithelioid cells there are solitary giant multinuclear cells of Pirogov-Langhans type. In the centre of some granulomas there are areas of caseous necrosis. Blood vessels are absent. What disease are the described granulomas typical for?
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Autopsy of a woman who died of tumorous dissemination of mucinosous cystadenocarcinoma and before that had to stay in bed for a long time revealed big necrotic areas of skin and soft subjacent tissues in sacral region. What form of necrosis is the case?
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During the electronical microscopic analysis of salivary gland the cell fragmets were revealed which are surrounded by a membrane and contain condensed particles of nuclear substance and solitary organelles; the inflammatory reaction around these cells is absent. What process is meant?
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Autopsy of a man who died of typhoid fever revealed ulcers along the ileum. These ulcers have even sides, clean fundus formed by muscle layer or even by serous tunic of an intestine. What stage of disease does the described presentation correspond with?
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A man had an acute onset of disease, he complained of chill, temperature rise up to 40°C, headache, cough, dyspnea. On the fifth day of illness he died. Autopsy revealed:his lungs were enlarged, they had a look of "coal-miner's lungs". What illness is such postmortem diagnosis typical for?
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A 22 year woman has enlarged lymphatic ganglions. Histological analysis of a ganglion revealed lymphocytes, histiocytes, reticular cells, small and great Hodgkin's cells, multinuclear Reed-Sternberg cells, solitary foci of caseous necrosis. What disease are these changes typical for?
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Autopsy of a man who died from ethylene glycol poisoning revealed that his kidneys are a little bit enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily removed. Cortical substance is broad and light-grey. Medullary substance is dark-red. What pathology had this man?
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During the histologic lung analysis of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency the inflammation focuses were revealed. Alveoles were full of light-pink fluid, here and there with pinkish fibers that formed a close-meshed reticulum with a small number of lymphocytes. What type of exudate is present in lungs?
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A 7-year-old child was taken to the infectious disease hospital with complaints of acute pain during swallowing, temperature rise up to 39°C, neck edema. Objective signs: tonsills are enlarged, their mucous membrane is plethoric and covered with a big number of whitish-yellowish films that are closely adjacent to the mucous membrane. After removal of these films the deep bleeding defect remains. What type of inflammation is it?
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A 4-year-old child had Mantoux test. 60 hours after tuberculin introduction a focal skin hardening and redness 15 mm in diameter appeared. It was regarded as positive test. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is this test based upon?
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Autopsy of an 8-year-old boy who was ill with pharyngeal and tonsillar diphtheria and died one week after illness begin revealed myocardial changes in form of small-focal myocardiocyte necroses, stroma edema with slight lymphocytic infiltration. What type of myocarditis is it:
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The contents of vesicles from the mucous tunic of a man who has smallpox variola was sent to the virusologic laboratory. What will be revealed during microscopy of smears?
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Histologic analysis of uterus mucous membrane revealed twisting glands, serrated and spinned, they were extended by stroma growth with proliferation of its cells. Formulate a diagnosis:
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A laboratory received a material (extract of animal matter) from the region with cases of anthrax among animals. What serological reaction should be used in order to reveal antigenes of pathogenic organism in the given material?
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Bacteriological laboratory has the task to sterilize nutrient mediums containing substances that convert under the temperature over 1000C (urea, carbohydrates). What method of sterilization should be used?
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A patient was taken to the hospital with complaints of headache, high temperature, frequent stool, stomach pain with tenesmus. Doctor made a clinical diagnosis dysentery and sent the material (excrements) to the bacteriological laboratory for analysis. What diagnostic method should the laboratory doctor use to confirm or to disprove the clinical diagnosis?
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Skin samples of a patient with bronchial asthma revealed allergen sensi- tization of poplar fuzz. What factor of immune system plays the main part in development of this immunopathological state?
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Sputum smears of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and analyzed in the bacteriological laboratory. Microscopy revealed red bacillus. What property of tuberculosis myobacteria was found?
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A patient who suffered form syphilis took a course of antibiotic therapy and fully recovered. Some time later he was infected again with Treponema pallidum. What form of infection is it?
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