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KROK 1 Dentistry 2007 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2007 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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Very big teeth is an Y-linked sign. Mother's teeth are of normal size, and her son's teeth are very big. Probability of father's having very large teeth is:
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A 58-year-old woman had her uterus and all appendages completely removed. It resulted in stoppage of urine excretion. Cystoscopy results: bladder doesn't contain any urine, urine doesn't come also from ureteric orifices. What part of urinary excretion system was damaged during the operation?
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Retrospective diagnostics of old bacillary dysentery required serologic examination of blood serum in order to determine blood titer to the shigells. What reaction should be applied for this purpose?
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During phonocardiogram registration it was ascertained that the duration of the first heart sound twice exceeds the norm. It is most likely that patient has the following organ affected:
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A patient has increased content of uric acid in his blood that is clinically presented by pain syndrome as a result of urate deposition in the joints. What process does this acid result from?
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A newborn child ill with pylorostenosis has frequent vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, muscular hypertonia, sometimes convulsions. What form of acid-base balance disorder has developed?
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A 38-year-old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histological examination revealed mucus accumulations in bronchi's lumen, a lot of mast cells (labrocytes) in bronchi's wall, some of these cells are degranulated, there are also many eosinophils. Name pathogenesis of these changes in bronchi:
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Formaldehyde solution was applied for desinfection of nonmetallic instruments of surgical department. What chemical series does this antiseptic preparation belong to?
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An 8 month old child has non-closed palate, a number of eye defects, microcephaly, disorder of cardiovascular system. Cytogenetic analysis revealed 47 chromosomes with an additional 13th chromosome. What diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical observations and cytogenetic examinations?
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Examination of a 32-year-old patient revealed disproportional skeleton size, enlargement of superciliary arches, nose, lips, tongue, jaw bones, feet. What gland's function was disturbed?
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Microspecimen of a child's finger skin reveals subnormal development of epidermis. What embryonic leaf was damaged in course of development?
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In the course of an experiment a nerve is being stimulated by electric impulses. It leads to excretion of some quantity of thick viscous saliva by sublingual and submandibular glands. What nerve is being stimulated?
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A non trained man has usually muscular hypoxy after a sprint. What metabolite accumulates in the muscles as a result of it?
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A 19-year-old patient was diagnosed with chronic acquired hemolytic anemia. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of this pathology's development?
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In course of gastric endoscopy the biopsy material of mucous membrane was taken. Its histological examination revealed the following: mucous membrane is intact, thickened, edematic, hyperemic, with small droplike hemorrhages, coated with thick mucus. Name the form of acute gastritis:
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A patient with acute condition of duodenal ulcer was admitted to the hospital. Gastric juice analysis has shown increase of secretory and acid-producing function of stomach. Choose a medication that will reduce secretory function due to blockade of H2-receptors:
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A patient with suspected liver abscess was admitted to the surgical department. The patient had been staying for a long time on business in one of african countries and fell repeatedly ill with acute gastrointestinal disorders. What protozoal disease may the patient be now ill with?
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A patient suffers from middle ear inflammation (otitis). He complains also of disordered test sensation in the anterior tongue part. What nerve is damaged?
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The influence of negative factors upon an organism results in the thymus change that is accompanied by mass loss of thymocytes, their drive out to the peripheral organs, proliferation of epitheli-oreticulocytes. How is this phenomemon called?
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A patient has hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Reduced secretion of what hormone may cause such changes?
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Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into lactate:
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After recovering from epidemic parotiditis a patient began to lose weight, he was permanently thirsty, drank a lot of water, had frequent urination, voracious appetite. Now he has complaints of skin itch, weakness, furunculosis. His blood contains: glucose - 16 mmole/L, ketone bodies - 100 mcmole/L; glucosuria. What disease has developed?
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A patient was taken to the hospital with complaints of headache, high temperature, frequent stool, stomach pain with tenesmus. Doctor made a clinical diagnosis dysentery and sent the material (excrements) to the bacteriological laboratory for analysis. What diagnostic method should the laboratory doctor use to confirm or to disprove the clinical diagnosis?
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A stomatologists examined first-grade pupils and revealed that one of children had yellowish brown teeth, two of them were split. Heretofore the pupil was treated with "some pills"on account of pneumonia. What medication could have had such a negative effect upon teeth?
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Examination of a 7-year-old child revealed the following symptoms: small height, broad roundish face, closely placed eyes with narrow palpebral fissures, half-open mouth. Valvular defect has been also diagnosed. These clinical presentations are most likely typical for Down's syndrome. Name the cause of such pathology:
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A surgeon should reach the omental bursa to perform an operation on abdominal cavity. How can he reach this part of peritoneal cavity without affecting the integrity of lesser omentum?
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Histological specimen of an oral cavity organ shows that anterior surface is lined with multilayer flat non-keratinizing epithelium and posterior surface - with multirow ciliated epithelium. What organ is it?
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A man's energy consumption is measured on an empty stomach, in lying position, under conditions of physical psychical rest, at comfortable temperature. At what time will the energy consuption be the lowest?
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A patient is diagnosed with alkaptonuria. Name a defect enzyme that causes this pathology:
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A patient fell into the ice hole, was chilled in the wind and taken ill. Body temperature rised up to 39, 70C and fluctuated from 39,00C to 39,8°C. Name the type of patient's temperature profile:
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Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from urethra revealed some bacteries that had negative Gram's stain, resembled of coffee corns, decomposed glucose and maltose up to acid. They were located in leukocutes. What disease do they cause?
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In course of an experiment the peripheral fragment of a cut vagus nerve on the dog's neck was being stimulated. There was the following change of cardiac activity:
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A group of students has representati- ves of different races. One of the students has straight black hair and overhanging skin fold of superior eyelid - epi-canthus. What race does this student most probably represent?
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A 5-year-old child suffers from the neck deformity. Clinical examination revealed such symptoms: apparent flexion of head to the left, his face is turned right, passive movements of the head to the right are restricted. What muscle's development was disturbed in this case?
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In course of embryogenesis maxillary and mandibular processes grew together with a delay. What development anomalies should be expected in this case?
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A patient complains of rapid fatigability. Objectively: he staggers and overbalances in the upright position with closed eyes. Skeleton muscular tonus is decreased. What brain structure is most likely to be damaged?
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Chronic overdosage of glucocorticoids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
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A patient with chronic myeloleukemia has presentations of anemy - decrease of erythrocyte number and hemoglobin content, oxyphil and polychromatophil normocytes, microcytes. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main for the development of this anemy?
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A patient in the oral surgery department has got purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound material found a culture that produces cyan pigment. What microorganism is the most probable causative agent?
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Name the drug group that can reduce need of myocardium for oxygene, decrease force of heartbeat and inhibit li-polysis:
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