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KROK 1 Dentistry 2008 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2008 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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As a result of road accident a driver got multiple injuries of lateral surface of his head including the malar arch fracture. What muscle's function will be damaged?
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After sprinting untrained people feel muscular pain as a result of lactate accumulation. I may be connected with intensification of the following biochemical process:
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Immune-enzyme assay of blood serum revealed presence of HBs-antigen. What disease is signalized by this antigen?
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Electron microscopic study of a cell revealed roundish bubbles confined by a membrane and containing a lot of various hydrolytic enzymes. It is known that these organellas provide intracellular digestion and protective functions. These elements are:
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A 3 m.o. baby has white film on the mucous membrane of his mouth, tongue and lips. A doctor suspected candidosis. What nutrient medium should be applied for inoculation of the material under examination in order to confirm this diagnosis?
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A man who has been staying in a stuffy room for a long time lost consciousness. He regained consciousnes after inhalation of ammonia spirit vapour. This substance's effect is connected with direct influence upon the following structures:
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A dentist revealed a shallow cavity with damaged enamel between two central superior incisors. He diagnosed a patient with caries. On what surface of tooth crown will the dentist fill the tooth?
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Examination of a patient revealed that dental hypoplasia was caused by hypovitaminosis of vitamins A and D. These vitamins were administered perorally but they didn't have any medicinal effect. What is the probable cause of disturbed vitamin assimilation?
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A patient had a trauma that resulted in a fracture in the external inferior third of his right crus. What bone was broken?
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A patient suffering from chronic renal insufficiency felt ill with osteoporosis. It is caused by disturbed synthesis of the following regulator of mineral metabolism:
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The first grade pupils went through a medical examination aimed at selection of children needing tuberculosis revaccination. What test was applied?
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A child is presumably ill with diphtheria. A specimen of affected mucous membrane of his pharynx was taken for analysis. The smear was stained and microscopical examination revealed yellow rods with dark blue thickenings on their ends. What structural element of a germ cell was revealed in the detected microorganisms?
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During tooth development periodontium preserves remains of embryonal coleorhiza (Hertwig's epithelial root sheath) that are called Malassez's epithelial rests. They can be sourse of cyst or tumour development in the area of tooth radix. What cells form Hertwig's epithelial root sheath?
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A 40 y.o. patient had a maxillofacial trauma that resulted in disturbed function of sublingual and submaxillary glands on the left - the glands began to produce some viscous saliva. What nerve's function is disturbed?
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There is a specimen of soft palate where both oral and nasal surfaces can be seen. It was revealed that oral cavity had damaged epithelium. What epithelium is damaged?
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Autopsy of a 35 y.o. woman revealed not only enlargement of many lymph nodes but also enlarged spleen weighting 600,0. Its incision showed that it was heterogeneous, dark red, dense with greyish-yellow necrotic areas up to 1 cm in diameter (porphyritic spleen). What disease can be assumed?
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During an operation on a woman it became necessary to ligate her uterine artery. What formation can be accidentally ligated together with this artery?
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Blood of patients ill with diabetes mellitus has high content of free fatty acids. It may be caused by:
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Vaccination is done by means of a toxin that has been neutralized by a formaldehyde (0,4%) at a temperature 37 — 40°C for four weeks. Ramond was the first to apply this preparation for diphtheria prophylaxis. What preparation is it?
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On the 2nd day after myocardium infarction a patient experienced abrupt drop of systolic arterial pressure down to 60 mm Hg accompanied by tachycardia of 140 beats per minute, dyspnea, loss of consciousness. What is the leading mechanism of shock pathogenesis?
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Antigens of Sonne shigella placed on the objects of outdoor environment and foodstuffs can be revealed by means of a certain test with application of a diagnostic test system that includes a polystyrene tray with adsorbed specific antibodies. What reaction is it?
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During examination of a child's oral cavity a pediatrician found 8 incisors. The child's development corresponds to his age. How old is the child?
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Epithelium regeneration of mucous membrane of oral cavity (cell reproduction) was accompanied by semiconservative DNA replication (selfreproduction). Nucleotides of a new DNA chain are complementary to:
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A 9 y.o. child has been taking antibiotics on account of bronchopneumonia for a long time. There appeared pain and burning in the area of mucous mebrane of his lips and tongue. Objectively: mucous membrane of lips and tongue has caseous and grey plaques that can be easily removed by a spatula leaving hyperemia foci on their spot. Microscopical examination of the plaques revealed mycelium. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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As a result of punctate retinal hemorrhage a patient lost ability to see objects in the centre of visual field. In what part of retina did the hemorrhage take place?
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Pellagra may be caused by maize domination and low quantity of animal foodstuffs in the dietary intake. This pathology results from lack of the following amino acid:
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In case of many infectious diseases patient's blood may contain antigens of causative agents. What reaction should be applied provided that the level of anti-genemia is low?
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A 42 y.o. patient complains of pain in the epigastral area, vomiting; vomit masses have the colour of "coffee-grounds", the patient has also melena. Anamnesis records gastric ulcer. Blood formula: erythrocytes - 2,8 × 1012/l, leukocytes - 8 × 109/l, Hb- 90 g/l. What complication is it?
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Isonitol triphosphates are produced in the organism tissues as a result of phosphatidyl inositol diphosphate hydrolysis. In the mechanism of hormone activity they perform the function of secondary mediators (messengers). What is their activity in the cell aimed at?
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Blood analysis of a patient ill with jaundice revealed increase of total bilirubin by its indirect fraction. Urine and feces are intensively stained. What is the most probable mechanism of these abnormalities?
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A group of researchers set an experiment and obtained anucleate mutant cells. In the first place they will have disturbed synthesis of the following compounds:
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A patient is ill with herpetic stomatitis provoked by immunosuppression. What preparation introduced intravenously, internally and locally can provide antiviral and immunopotentiati-ng effect?
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A 35 y.o. patient diagnosed with sterility came to gynaecological department for diagnostic biopsy of endometrium. Microscopic examination revealed that mucous membrane is edematous, uterine glands are convoluted and filled with thick secreta. Such changes in the endometrium are caused by excess of the following hormon:
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A patient with systemic scleroderma has an intensified collagen destruction. Collagen destruction will be reflected by intensified urinary excretion of the following amino acid:
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A 30 y.o. patient who was diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis has proteinuria. What disturbance is the cause of this phenomenon?
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A 38 y.o. patient applied to a hospital and complained that she had lost sensation of food touching anterior 2/3 of her tongue as well as pain and temperature sensation (burned her tongue with hot tea) after an acute viral respiratory disease. It is caused by the damage of the following nerve branch:
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Hydrocyanic acid and cyanides are the most violent poisons. According to the dose the death follows after a few seconds or minutes. The death is caused by the inhibited activity of the following enzyme:
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A patient has arterial hemorrhage from the cut wound in the area of anterior part of mastication muscle. What vessel should be ligated?
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A patient with Itsenko-Cushing syndrome has persistent hyperglycemia and glycosuria, hypertension, osteoporosis, obesity. What hormon's synthesis and secretion are intensified in this case?
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Examination of a 60 y.o. man's oral cavity revealed the following changes: the 26th and 27th tooth are covered with metallic crowns that plunge deep into the gums. There is a parodontal pouch 0,7 cm deep between them containing some pus. Gingival papillae of these teeth are hyperemic, edematic, cyanotic, bleed as a reaction to touching by a dental explorer. X-ray picture shows resorption of interdental septa of 1/2 of tooth root. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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