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KROK 1 Dentistry 2010 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2010 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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Two weeks after hemotransfusion a patient developed fever. What protozoal disease can be suspected?
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It is known that people who permanently live in highland have an increased concentration of erythrocytes per each blood volume unit. Owing to this fact blood can optimally fulfil the following function:
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A woman with intractable vomiting was admitted to the infectious disease ward. What changes of water-salt metabolism are likely to be observed?
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A 38-year-old patient takes aspirin and sulfanilamides. After their intake intensified erythrocyte haemolysis is observed which is caused by deficiency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This pathology is caused by failure of the following coenzyme:
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A histological specimen of a mandibular gland shows an exctretory duct. Mucous membrane of the duct is lined with cubic epithelium whose cells have weakly developed organellas. What excretory duct is it?
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A patient was delivered to a hospital after having been exposed to ionizing radiation. He presents with vomiting, anorexia, pain in different region of abdomen, bloody feces, elevation of body temperature, inertness. Such clinical presentations are typical for the following form of acute radiation disease:
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Examination of a bronchial tissue sample revealed atrophy of mucous membrane, cystic degeneration of glands, focal metaplastic changes of lining prismatic epithelial cells into multilayer squamous cells; increase in goblet cell number; in some parts of bronchial wall and especially in the mucous membrane there was marked cellular inflammatory infiltration and growth of granulation tissue bulging into the bronchial lumen in form of a polyp. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A patient with edemata was prescribed a K -retaining diuretic - aldosterone antagonist. What drug is it?
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Examination of a patient's oral cavity revealed contacting cutting edges of his superior and inferior incisors. Such tooth position is typical for the following occlusion:
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While exercising on a bicycle ergometer a sportsman was trying to choose such a load that would allow him to achieve the maximal performance of his muscles. What load intensity is required in this case?
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A chemical industry worker complains about enamel wear. Objectively: generalized destruction of dental crowns along with replacing dentin formation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A child suspected for tuberculosis underwent Mantoux test. 24 hours after allergen injection there appeared a swelling, hyperaemia and tenderness. What are the main components in the development of this reaction?
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During starvation normal rate of glucose is maintained by means of gluconeogenesis activation. What substance can be used as a substrate for this process?
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An electrical cardiostimulator was implanted to a 75 y.o. man with heart rate of 40 bpm. After that heart rate rose up to 70 bpm. Cardiostumulator assumed the function of the following heart part:
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Various cells of the oral mucous membrane and antimicrobial substances synthesized by these cells play an important part in the local immunity of the oral cavity. Specify the key factors for the local immunity:
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Patients with erythropoietic porphyria (Gunther's disease) are known to have photoesthetic skin, red urine. In the ultraviolet light their teeth exhibit bright red fluorescence. This disease is associated with deficiency of the following enzyme:
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A patient has myocardial infarction in the region of the frontal wall of the left ventricle. Circulatory dysfunction occurred in the following vascular basin:
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A lightly dressed man is standing in a room; air temperature is 14°C. Windows and doors are closed. In what way does he loose heat most of all?
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Examination of a 30-year-old man's mandible revealed in the region of his molar a dense tumour-like formation that significantly deformed the mandible. Here and there the formation wasn't fully detached from the bone tissue. Microscopical examination of a tissue sampling revealed that stroma had some cords and follicles with odontogenous cylindric epithelial cells in peripheria and stellate cells resembling of the enamel oragan pulp in the centre. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Children often have laboured nasal breathing which is caused by overdevelopment of lymphoid tissue of the pharyngeal mucous membrane. This phenomenon may cause enlargement of the following tonsils:
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A patient has applied eye drops containing atropine which resulted in persistent mydriasis. Which muscle was blocked?
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A 40-year-old male patient had a tumour-like formation 8x7 cm large on his neck. A surgeon removed it only partially because of close connection with large vessels. Microscopical examination revealed marked cellular and tissue atypism, lipoblast-type cells in different stages of maturity, with polymorphism and nuclear hyperchromia, pathological mitoses, necrosis foci. Specify the histological form of the tumour:
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During examination of a 36-year-old woman a dentist revealed a formation in form of a nodule up to 0,8 cm in diameter, of dark brown-red colour, soft, on a wide base. The formation was found on the buccal surface of gum in the region of the 2nd molar. Histological examination revealed that the formation had plenty of sinusoid vessels and a lot of roundish mononuclear and big multinuclear cells; in some parts accumulations of hemosiderin granules could be found. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A 25-year-old patient with clinical presentations of nephrotic syndrome underwent puncture biopsy of a kidney. Microscopical examination revealed expansion of the epithelium cells of proximal nephron tubules, vacuoles containing transparent liquid in the cytoplasm, peripheral deviation of the nucleus. What degeneration was revealed in the tubule epithelium?
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As a result of a trauma a patient is unable to extend his cubital articulation. This may be caused by dysfunction of the following muscle:
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ECG of a patient shows that T-waves in the second standard extremity lead are positive, their amplitude and duration are normal. It would be true that the following pocess is taking its normal course in the cardiac ventricles:
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A female patient suffering from secondary syphilis got foci of skin depigmentation in the upper parts of her back. What pathological process is it?
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The total number of leukocytes in patient's blood is 90 × 109/l. Leukogram: eosinophils - 0%, basophils - 0%, juvenile - 0%, stab neutrophils - 2%, segmentonuclear cells - 20%, lymphoblasts -1%, prolymphocytes - 2%, lymphocytes - 70%, monocytes - 5%, Botkin-Gumprecht cells. Clinical examination revealed enlarged cervical and submandibular lymph nodes. Such clinical presentations are typical for the following pathology:
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A pregnant woman lost for about 800 ml of blood during labour. There is also tachycardia, arterial pressure is 100/70 mm Hg, tachypnea up to 28/min. What hypoxia type is primary in such clinical situation?
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It is known that patients with diabetes mellitus are more subject to inflammative processes, they have low regeneration and slower wound healing. What is the reason for this?
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In order to anaesthetize superior incisors an anaesthetic should be injected in the region of the incisive foramen. What nerve is located in this place?
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A patient consulted a dentis about a lesion of his oral mucosa. He was diagnosed with herpetic stomatitis. Which of the following drugs will have an effect on etiotropic factor?
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What artery may be damaged during the conduction anesthetization in the region of the mandibular foramen?
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A 70-year-old patient is diagnosed with brainstem hemorrhage. Examination revealed increased tonus of flexor muscles accompanied by decreased tonus of extensor muscles. Such changes in muscle tonus can be explained by the irritation of the following brain structures:
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A 14-year-old patient was diagnosed with Hutchinson's triad: barrel-shaped incisors, parenchymatous keratitis and deafness. The revealed presentations are consistent with the following disease:
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In the mountains some clinically healthy people present with anaemia symptoms. Blood test can reveal sickle cells. What is the genotype of such people?
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A patient has coronary heart disease. For its treatment he was prescribed an antianginal drug that activates guanylate cyclase and accumulates cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the miocardium cells. What drug is it?
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A 60-year-old female patient presents with hypoactivity of the principal digestive enzyme of saliva. This is usually accompanied by disturbed primary hydrolysis of:
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In the process of tooth tissue histogenesis dentin wasn't formed in time for some reasons. What process of further histogenesis will be delayed or will not take place at all?
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Examination of a 42-year-old patient suffering from paradontosis revealed some roundish calcified formations 2-3 mm in diameter in the coronal pulp. Name these structures:
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