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KROK 1 Dentistry 2010 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2010 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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While operating on a tumour of abdominal part of ureter a doctor should be aware of an important arterial vessel located in front of it. Which vessel is it?
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After destruction of CNS structure an animal lost its orientative reflexes. What exactly was destroyed?
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Autopsy of a man, who died from acute posthaemorrhagic anaemia resulting from pulmonary hemorrhage, revealed the following: macroscopically -lung apexes were deformed, their section showed multiple whitish-grey foci 10-15 mm in diameter and multiple pathological cavities up to 15 mm in diameter with dense walls. Microscopically: the cavity walls presented proliferation of the connective tissue infiltrated by epithelioid cells, multicellular giant cells and lymphocytes. What is the most likely d
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A 45-year-old patient was admitted to the resuscitation department with a laryngeal edema. During tracheotomy a surgeon accidentally cut across the jugular venous arch that lies within:
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A patient was admitted to a surgical department for an operation. He has to undergo neuroleptanalgesia. To achieve neuroleptanalgesia it would be rational to combine fentanyl with the following medicine:
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During examination of a child's oral cavity a pediatrician found 8 incisors. The child's development corresponds to his age. How old is the child?
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A male patient underwent an operation on account of inguinal hernia. During the operation a surgeon damaged content of the inguinal canal. What structure was damaged?
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Histological examination of myocardium of a 47-year-old patient with rheumatic heart disease (section material) revealed some big visually empty vacuoles within the cardiomyocytes. They turn black when stained with osmic acid, and yellow-red when stained with sudan III. What pathological process is it?
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A boy has fallen down from the tree. Now he finds it difficult to abduct his arm till it takes horizontal position. Which muscle is most probably injured?
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It was determined that basal metabolic rate of a patient under study increased due value by 8%. This means that the intensity of energetic metabolism processes in this patient is:
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Vaccination is done by means of a toxin that has been neutralized by a formaldehyde (0,4%) at a temperature 37 — 40°C for four weeks. Ramond was the first to apply this preparation for diphtheria prophylaxis. What preparation is it?
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During physical exercise people are less sensitive to pain. The reason for it is the activation of:
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To prevent possible negative effect upon the gastric mucsa a patient with rheumatoid arthritis was administered a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug - a COX-2 selective inhibitor. Specify this drug:
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Blood analysis of a patient suffering from jaundice revealed increase of total bilirubin by its indirect fraction. Urine and feces have intense colouring. What is the most probable mechanism of these abnormalities?
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As a result of a road accident a 26-year-old man is in the torpid phase of shock. Blood count: leukocytes - 3,2 × 109/l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?
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A sensory nerve ganglion consists of roundish neurocytes with one process that divides into axon and dendrite at a certain distance from perikaryon. What are such cells called?
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During an operation on a woman it became necessary to ligate her uterine artery. What formation can be accidentally ligated together with this artery?
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Blood of a child and putative father was referred to forensic medical examination for affiliation. What chemical components should be identified in the blood under study?
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A 65-year-old patient with chronic heart failure has been taking digitoxin in self-administered dosages for a long time. She was admitted to the hospital for general health aggravation, arrhythmia, nausea, reduced diuresis, insomnia. What is the primary action to be taken?
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30 minutes after a road accident a 35-year-old man was found to have a massive trauma of his lower extremities without significant external hemorrhage. The injured is in excited state. What is the leading component of traumatic shock pathogenesis that requires immediate correction?
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Treatment of many diseases involves use of cocarboxylase (thiamine pyrophosphate) for supplying cells with energy. What metabolic process is activated in this case?
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Microscopic examination of a parenchymatous organ revealed that its epithelial cords formed glomerular, fasci- cular and reticular zones. The central part of the organ was presented by accumulations of chromaffin cells. Specify this organ:
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Analysis of urine from a 24-year-old man revealed the following changes: daily diuresis - 10 l, relative density - 1,001, qualitative alterations are absent. A patient complains of excessive thirst, frequent urination. What is the most likely cause of this disease?
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In spring a patient experiences petechial hemorrhages, loosening of teeth, high liability to colds. A doctor supposes hypobitaminosis C. In this respect loosening of teeth can be explained by:
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Heart auscultation revealed diastolic murmur in the II intercostal space along the right parasternal line. This is the evidence of the following valve pathology:
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A 13-year-old patient complains of general weakness, dizziness, fatiguabili-ty. Mental retardation is also observed. Examination revealed high concentration of valine, isoleucine and leucine in blood and urine. The patient's urine has a specific smell. What is the likely cause of such condition?
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In a surgical department of a stomatological polyclinic a patient is being prepared for tooth extraction. What drug should be added to the solution of a local anaesthetic in order to prolong its action?
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A patient was diagnosed with seborrheic dermatitis associated with vitamin H (biotin) deficiency. The patient has disturbed activity of the following enzyme:
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A patient suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was prescribed glibenclamid internally. What is the mechanism of its hypoglycemic action?
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A patient has roundish ulcers on his face, inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes. These symptoms turned up as a result of mosquito bites. Laboratory examination of discharge from the ulcers revealed unicellular aflagellar organisms. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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Epithelium regeneration of mucous membrane of oral cavity (cell reproduction) was accompanied by semiconservative DNA replication (selfreproduction). Nucleotides of a new DNA chain are complementary to:
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Laboratory of extremely dangerous infections received a sample taken from a patient with assumed cholera. What express-diagnostics method can confirm this diagnosis?
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A female patient with a tumour of pancreas has developed mechanic jaundice resulting from compression of a bile-excreting duct. Which duct is compressed?
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A patient complains about attacks of laboured breathing, dizziness. He works at a chemical plant producing hydrocyanic acid. The described symptoms might be associated with dysfunction of the following enzyme:
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A patient diagnosed with acute pancreatitis was admitted to the surgical department. Which drug administration would be pathogenetically grounded?
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A 60-year-old patient consulted a doctor about retrosternal pain arising immediately after physical exercise. He was prescribed nitroglycerin. The medication relieved retrosternal pain but the patient got acute headache. What is the likely mechanism of this side effect?
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Dehelmintization of a patient revealed some long fragments of a helminth with segmented structure. Mature segments were rectangular, 30x12 mm large, closed-type matrix was in form of a stem with 17-35 lateral branches. Specify this helminth:
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A male patient has stenosis of the mitral orifice. What is the leading mechanism of cardiac failure?
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A 7-year-old child has angina. A smear from the tonsil surface was inoculated on blood agar. 24 hours later there had grown colonies of streptococci. Nutrient medium turned transparent around them. This study revealed presence of the following pathogenous factor:
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Examination of a patient revealed that dental hypoplasia was caused by hypovitaminosis of vitamins A and These vitamins were administered perorally but they didn't have any medicinal effect. What is the probable cause of disturbed vitamin assimilation?
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