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KROK 1 Dentistry 2013 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2013 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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Enamel hypoplasia is caused by a dominant gene localized in the X chromosome. Mother has a normal enamel, and father has enamel hypoplasia. Which of children will have this anomaly?
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In the perianal folds of a 5-year-old girl mother found white worms causing itch and anxiety, and took them to the laboratory. The study revealed white filament-like helminths 0,5-1 cm long, with pointed, sometimes twisted, ends. What diagnosis can be made?
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A hospital in Donetsk region admitted the patients - members of the same family - with eyelid and face edemata, fever, eosinophilia, headache, muscle pain. The disease developed on the 7-10 day after eating pork sausage sent by the patients' relatives from Khmelnitsky region. What is your provisional diagnosis?
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It is known that the gene responsible for the development of the MN blood groups has two allelic states. If the gene M is considered as the initial gene, the allelic gene N appeared due to:
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A patient with inflammation of tongue mucosa (glossitis) complains of taste sensitivity disorder in the two anterior thirds of the tongue. This is caused by the lesion of the following nerve:
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The operative dentistry department admitted a newborn girl who choked during sucking. Examination revealed cleft palate arising from non-union of the middle frontal process and maxillary process of the I-st branchial arch. The cleft was located in the palate between:
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X-ray of a patient in the upright position revealed the presence of air in the stomach. What part of stomach is it located?
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Examination of a teenager revealed a congenital heart disease, namely the functioning of Botallo's duct. In the prenatal period of development this duct connects the following organs:
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A patient has air embolism as a result of a skin injury in the middle portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Which cervical vein was injured?
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A patient consulted a doctor about the inflammation of the ethmoid bone cells (ethmoiditis). Examination revealed the disorder of blood supply to the bone. The ethmoidal cells are normally supplied wi- th blood by the branches of the following artery:
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A 40-year-old male has hearing impairment and paresis of facial muscles resulting from a blow to his head. He was diagnosed with a hematoma of cerebellopontine angle. What nerves had been damaged?
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A patient consulted a doctor about an increased pain sensitivity of the ear skin and ear canal. Palpation behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle was painful. Such clinical presentations are typical for the irritation of the following nerve:
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A woman consulted a doctor about swelling and tenderness of the lower extremity, swollen veins and nodes on the medial surface of thigh. Which vein was affected?
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At the recruiting office US examination of a 19-year-old man revealed nephroptosis. Normally the kidneys should be located at the following vertebral level:
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A histological specimen represents an organ made up of skeletal crossstriated muscle tissue. The organ has cutaneous, intermediate, and mucosal sections. The skin of the organ is stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium passing into nonkeratinizing epithelium in the mucosal section. Specify this organ:
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During the formation of mantle dentin the synthetic activity of odontoblasts was disturbed, which will have an effect on the formation of the following fibers:
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Histological specimen of a decalcified tooth represents richly vascularized loose fibrous connective tissue containing a variety of cells. Pyriform odontoblasts of this region are arranged in several rows. What kind of dental structure is it?
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During gastrulation the Hensen's node remained underdeveloped in the embryo. Which axial organ will slow down its development?
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An examination of a 26-year-old patient involved histological analysis of bone marrow punctate which revealed a significant decrease in the number of megakaryocytes. At the same time the following blood corpuscles should be decreased in number:
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In course of an experiment an animal had its cornea injured. What cells will provide the regeneration of stratified epi- thelium?
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At a certain stage of development of a human embryo one can observe formation of a cavity in its structure, small light blastomeres on the periphery and large dark blastomeres at one of the poles. The embryo at this stage of development is called:
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A specimen of the pia mater shows a vessel with no middle membrane in its wall, its outer membrane adheres to the surrounding tissues, the inner membrane is made up of the basal membrane and endothelium. Specify this vessel:
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For an unknown reason the fertilization membrane of an embryo dissolved in the fallopian tube in the first critical period. What complication of pregnancy is possible in this case?
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A patient has petechial hemorrhages on the gums, hard and soft palate, buccal mucosa. This is caused by the dysfunction of the following blood corpuscles:
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A tumour pressing upon the vegetati- ve nucleus of a cranial nerve causes saliva secretion by the parotid gland. What nucleus does the tumor press upon?
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In the experiment, an animal had its brain stem cut, which caused a rapid increase of extensor muscle tone (decerebrate rigidity). This condition arose because the muscles were no more under the control of the following brain structure:
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Functioning of certain structures of the isolated heart was stopped by means of cooling. What structure was cooled providing that the heart first stopped contractions and then resumed them with a frequency twice lower than the initial one?
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Following the estimation of a person's energy expenditures it was established that the respiratory quotient was equal to 1,0. This means that the compound that is mainly oxidized in the cells is:
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Oral mucosa of a patient was treated with hydrogen peroxide. Instead of foaming, the blood turned brown. That is possible in case of reduced concentration of the following enzyme:
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Electrophoretic study of blood serum of a patient with pneumonia revealed an increase in one of the protein fractions. What fraction is it?
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When a wound heals, a scar takes its place. What substance is the main component of its connective tissue?
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Certain infections caused by bacteria are treated with sulphanilamides that block the synthesis of bacterial growth factor. What is the mechanism of these drugs action?
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Cationic glycoproteins are the major components of parotid saliva. What amino acids are responsible for their positive charge?
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A patient has enamel erosion. What vitamin should be administered for its treatment?
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A 60-year-old man consulted a doctor about an onset of chest pain. In blood serum analysis showed a significant increase in the activity of the following enzymes: creatine kinase and its MB-isoform, aspartate aminotransferase. These changes indicate the development of the pathological process in the following tissues:
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After severe viral hepatitis a 4-year-old boy presents with vomiting, occasional loss of consciousness, convulsions. Blood test revealed hyperammoniemia. Such condition is caused by a disorder of the following biochemical hepatic process:
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A 50-year-old patient has been examined by a dentist and found to have crimson smooth tongue. Blood analysis revealed a decrease in RBC level and hemoglobin concentration, colour index of 1,3, symptoms of megaloblastic hematopoiesis, degenerative changes in WBCs. What blood disorder was found in this patient?
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A pregnant women developed severe toxemia with exhausting recurrent vomiting throughout a day. By the end of the day she developed tetanic convulsions and bodily dehydration. The described changes were caused by the following type of acid-base disbalance:
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After a diver had dived to a depth of 60 meters he got the following symptoms of CNS dysfunction: anxiety, euphoria, lack of attention, professional errors. These symptoms are associated with neurons being under a toxic effect of:
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A patient with periodontitis has developed gingival edema. The gums are of dark red colour. What local circulation disorder prevails in the gums of the patient?
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