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KROK 1 Dentistry 2015 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2015 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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There is a large amount of effusion in the pericardial cavity of a patient with exudative pericarditis. What cells cause such a phenomenon when their functional activity is disrupted?
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An autopsy of the body of an aged man, who was suffering from acute intestinal disorder during his last 2 weeks, has revealed the following change in the rectum and sigmoid colon: brown and green film covering the mucosa is detected. The itestinal wall is thickened; the cavity sharply narrows down. Microscopy reveals mucosa necrosis of varying depth, necrotic tissue is pierced through with fibrin threads, leucocytic infiltration is observed. What diagnosis is most probable?
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A female patient presents with the ovarian hyperaemia, increased permeability of the blood-follicle barrier with the development of edema, infiltration of the follicle wall with segmental leukocytes. The follicle is large in volume. Its wall is thickened. What period of the sex cycle is the described situation typical for?
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A 30-year-old driver complains of allergic rhinitis that usually excerbates in spring. He has been administered an antihistamine drug with a slight sedative effect and 24-hour period of action. Which of the listed drugs has been administered?
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A young man has the following symptoms: purulent acne on the face; wrinkled, hyperemic skin; eyebrows and eyelashes are falling out. A doctor has made a diagnosis of demodicosis (demodectic mange). What preventive measures can be recommended?
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A patient consulted an immunologist about diarrhea, weight loss within several months, low-grade fever, enlarged lymph nodes. The doctor suspected HIV infection. What immunocompetent cells must be studied in the first place?
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A 64-year-old male patient died with symptoms of acute cardiovascular failure. Autopsy results: the section of the anterior wall of the left ventricle showed a yellowish flaccid 1,5-2 cm focus surrounded by a reddish rim. The convoluted coronary arteries had lumen irregularly narrowed by 75%. The vessel intima was thickened, dense, covered with whitish plaques, crunched when cut. What disease can you think of?
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A patient has myocardial infarction. The first several hours of such medical condition will be characterized by significant increase of activity of the following enzyme in his blood serum:
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Stimulation of the peripheral segment of chorda tympani in an experimenal animal resulted in the discharge of the following secretion from the parotid salivary fistula:
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A 28-year-old patient had been diagnosed with multifragmental fracture of the right hip. On the third day after the injury he began to complain of pain in the right side of chest, difficult respiration. A day later the patient died of progressive heart and respiratory failure. Histological study of pulmonary and cerebral blood vessels revealed orange sudanophi-lic droplets that completely obstructed the vessels of microvasculature. What complication caused the death of the patient?
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The total number of leukocytes in patient's blood is 90 × 109/l. Leukogram: eosinophils - 0%, basophils - 0%, juvenile - 0%, stab neutrophils - 2%, segmentonuclear cells - 20%, lymphoblasts - 1%, prolymphocytes - 2%, lymphocytes -70%, monocytes - 5%, Botkin-Gumprecht cells. Clinical examination revealed enlarged cervical and submandibular lymph nodes. Such clinical presentations are typi- cal for the following pathology:
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A patient suffers from a severe life-threatening generalised septic infection. What group of chemotherapeutical drugs should be prescribed in this case?
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An oncological patient had been administered methotrexate. With time target cells of the tumour lost sensitivity to this drug. At the same time the change in gene expression of the following enzyme is observed:
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Pyrogenal administered to a rabbit, in the course of an experiment, resulted in increase of its body temperature. What substance of those named below acts as a secondary pyrogen that is a part of fever-inducing mechanism?
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A 36-year-old patient underwent tooth extraction at a dental clinic. After two weeks the stratified squamous epithelium regenerated at this site. What organelles were involved in the restoration of the mucous membrane?
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A 54-year-old patient with viral hepatitis has complication of hepatic coma caused by massive necrosis of liver epithelial cells. What kind of hepatic coma is it characteristic of?
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A 40-year-old patient was revealed to have blood clotting time of 2 minutes under a stressful condition. It is primarily caused by the following hormon affecting hemocoagulation:
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A female patient with heavy poisoning caused by sepsis has died. "Tiger heart"was revealed during autopsy. Microscopic investigation allowed to detect lipides in the cardiac myocytes cytoplasm. What morphogenetic development mechanism is the main cause of this kind of dystrophy?
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A 67-year-old patient has atherosclerosis of cardiac and cerebral vessels. Examination revealed hyperlipidemia. What class of blood plasma lipoproteids is most important in atherosclerosis pathogenesis?
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A patient, who had been eating only polished rice, developed polyneuritis caused by thiamine deficiency. What compound can be indicative of this kind of avitaminosis when excreted with urine?
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A patient has secretory dysfunction of the submandibular salivary galnd. Which nerve is responsible for its vegetative innervation?
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Phenylketonuria is a disease caused by a recessive gene that is localized in the autosome. The parents are heterozygous for this gene. They already have two sons with phenylketonuria and one healthy daughter. What is the probability that their fourth child will have the disease too?
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A dentist has detected symptoms of parodontosis in a patient. What antiprotozoal drug should be prescribed?
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A 9-month-old infant is on bottle feeding. Formula used in feeding has insufficient content of vitamin B6. The infant has seizures possibly caused by disruption in production of the following substance in the body:
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Sharp decrease of lungs surfactant activity has been detected in a patient. It will result in the following:
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A paitent, who works as a milkmaid, has made an appoinment with a dentist with complaints of aphtha-shaped rash on the mucosa of oral cavity. The doctor detected rash on her hands in the area of nail plates. What agent causes this disease?
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A 42-year-old patient with tetanus developed an acute respiratory failure. What type of respiratory failure occurs in this case?
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As a result of treatment of viral RNA with nitrous acid, UCA triplet mutated to UGA triplet. What kind of mutation occurred?
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A patient complains of decreased abi-lty to produce proper pressure with his masticatory muscles. What method of study allows checking the patient's complaint?
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X-chromatin test of somatic cells is used for quick diagnostics of hereditary diseases caused by variations of sex chromosomes number. What is the karyotype of a male, whose cells mostly contain one X-chromatin body?
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A 36-year-old patient had had a traumatic brain injury which caused a swallowing impairment. Which part of brain was affected?
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Novocaine acts as an anesthetic by making nerve fibers unable to conduct stimulation. What mechanism of action regarding membrane's permeability to ions does this drug have?
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A 38-year-old female patient has been brought into admission room with uterine bleeding. What will be revealed by blood test?
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Bacterioscopy of nasopharyngeal mucus taken from a 2,5-year-old child with nasopharyngitis revealed gram-positive di-plococci looking like coffee grains. What organs of the child are most likely to be affected if these microorganisms penetrate the blood?
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A patient, who has been suffering from severe injury of thorax, went into shock followed by symptoms of acute renal failure. What is the primary mechanism of acute renal failure development in this case?
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To prevent possible negative effect upon the gastric mucsa a patient with rheumatoid arthritis was administered a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug - a COX-2 selective inhibitor. Specify this drug:
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A child is 6 years old. The permanent teeth have started to take the place of the primary teeth. What teeth are the first to emerge?
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A 32-year-old patient has B2 hypovi-taminosis. The specific symptoms such as epithelial, mucosal, skin and corneal lesions are most likely to be caused by the deficiency of:
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A 43-year-old patient has acute pancreatitis with concomitant disruption of common bile duct patency. What condition can it result in?
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There is a 7-year-old child with complains of cough, lacrimation, rhinitis, skin rash, photophobia and three-day-long fever as high as 38°C. Physical examination has revealed the following: conjunctivitis; bright red maculopapular rash covering the skin of face, neck and torso; hyperemic pharynx; serous purulent secretions from the nose; dry rales in the lungs. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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