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KROK 1 Dentistry 2018 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2018 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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A patient with megaloblastic anemia was taking a water-soluble vitamin. Name this substance:
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Biological material taken from a patient contains several species of microorganisms (staphylococci and streptococci) that are causative agents of the patient’s disease. Name this type of infection:
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After spinal trauma the patient presents with absence of voluntary movements and tendon reflexes; sensitivity is retained only in the lower extremities. What is the mechanism of these disturbances and what part of the spine was injured?
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A man has developed down turning mouth and smoothed out nasolabial fold due to influenza complication. What nerve is damaged?
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A patient with electrical injury to the neck area developed pathologic fixed sideways flexion of the head towards the injured area, while the face is fixed away from the injury. What neck muscle sustained scarring?
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Chronic inflammation of gingiva resulted in excessive growth of connective tissue fibers. What cell elements are leading in the development of this condition?
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A worker of a cattle farm consulted a surgeon about fever up to 40°C, headache,weakness. Objective examination of his back revealed hyperemia and a dark red infiltration up to 5 cm in diameter with black bottom in its center, which was surrounded with pustules. What disease are these presentations typical of?
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A 20-year-old woman came to the doctor with complaints of general weight loss, loss of appetite, weakness, skin discoloration resembling bronze tan. In addtition to hyperpigmentation, examination in the hospital revealed bilateral adrenal tuberculosis. What substance leads to skin hyperpigmentation, when accumulated excessively?
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During cell analysis, their cytoplasm was determined to have high content of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. This enzyme ensures the following process:
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What enzyme has demineralization effect, i.e.intensifies decomposition of mineral components of the tooth tissues?
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Histologic specimen of renal cortex shows renal corpuscle and renal tubules. It is known that reabsorption of substances occurs in the renal tubules. What nephron tissue takes part in this process?
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A 45-year-old man with a history of left-sided croupous pneumonia died of multiple traumas received as the result of a car accident. On autopsy in the lower lobe of his left lung its posterolateral wall is attached to the chest wall with fibrous adhesions. The lobe is diminished, dense,fleshy on section, grayish-pink in color; its pieces sink, when placed in water. Histological analysis reveals diffuse excessive growth of fibrous connective tissue in these areas. Name this complication of croupous pneumonia:
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A 16-year-old girl, who has been starving herself for a long time to lose weight, developed an edema. This phenomenon is mainly caused by:
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A patient with knife wound of the neck presents with hemorrhage. Initial wound management revealed damage to the vessel that is located along the lateral edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Name this vessel:
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Erythrocytes of the patient with hemolytic anemia present with signi?cant decrease of pyruvate kinase activity. What methabolic process is disturbed in this case?
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To determine functional state of the patient’s liver, the analysis of animal indican excreted with urine was conducted.This substance is produced in the process of detoxification of putrefaction products of a certain amino acid, which takes place in the large intestine. Name this amino acid:
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When determining comparative tissue radiosensitivity, it was revealed that different tissues have different level of sensitivity toward ionizing radiation. What tissue of those listed below is the most radiosensitive?
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Oral examination revealed dark yellow and brown spots and stripes on the labial and lingual surfaces of the patent’s teeth; more than the half of the dental surface is affected; enamel and dentin are destroyed. What diagnosis is the most likely?
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A 28-year-old patient complains of frequent gingival hemorrhages.Blood test revealed the clotting factor II (prothrombin) deficiency. What phase of blood coagulation is impaired in this patient?
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Longitudinal tooth section shoes a tissue that makes up the tooth basis and consists of collagen fibers, mineralized matrix, and tubules that hold dentinal fibers. This tissue develops from:
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In the course of experiment it is necessary to detect muscle excitation. For this purpose the following measurement should be made:
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Increased stumulation rate of isolated heart of a rabbit leads to incomplete relaxation of the heart ventricles due to:
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Several hours after the dental trauma the tooth pulp presents with hyperemic vessels, marked tissue edema with isolated neutrophils, lymphocytes, and minor dystrophic changes of nerve fibers. Make the diagnosis:
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Fetal malformations can be caused by such maternal diseases as rubella, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, cytomegaly, herpes, and chlamydiosis. These malformations belong to the following type of variability:
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Beriberi is a classical example of thiamine deficiency. Active form of this vitamin is synthesized by an enzyme belonging to the following group:
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A 25-year-old man has lost all sensitivity due to damage of his peripheral nerves. Name this disorder:
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A 60-year-old woman with hepatocirrhosis developed hemorrhagic syndrome. What mechanism leads to the development of this condition?
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A woman is diagnosed with Turner’s syndrome (karyotype 45, X0). How many autosomal pairs would her somatic cells contain?
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Blood serum of the patient has milky appearance. Biochemical analysis revealed high content of triacylglycerols and chylomicrons. This condition is caused by hereditary defect of the following enzyme:
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Dopamine precursor - dioxyphenylalanine (DOPA) - is used in treatment of Parkinson’s disease. This active substance is produced from the following amino acid:
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An 84-year-old patient suffers from parkinsonism. One of the pathogenetic development elements of this disease is deficiency of a certain mediator in some of the brain structures. Name this mediator:
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A patient has suffered a head injury.On examination there is a subcutaneous hematoma in the temporal area. What vessel was damaged, thus resulting in the hematoma development?
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Due to severe pain syndrome a patient has been prescribed a narcotic analgesic. Specify the prescribed drug:
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A tumor is detected in one of the regions of the patient’s brain, resulting in the patient’s inability to maintain normal body temperature. What brain structure is damaged?
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An experiment was conducted to measure the threshold of tactile receptors stimulation with various stimuli. What stimulus will have the lowest threshold?
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A 50-year-old man came to a hospital with complaints of memory disorders,painful sensations along the nerve trunks,decreased mental ability, circulatory disorders and dyspepsia. Anamnesis states excessive alcohol consumption. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptoms?
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Auscultation reveals that in the patient’s II intercostal space along the parasternal line on the right the II heart sound is better heard than the I heart sound. What valve produces this sound when closing?
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Miners’ work at the coal-face often leads to development of anthracosis. What type of respiratory failure arises along with this disease?
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Alanceletembryoisatthe developmental stage during which its cells multiply, while its general volume remains practically unchanged. What developmental stage is it?
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Histologic specimen of endometrium demonstrates isolated epithelial cells with chromosomes that form a "plate" located in the equatorial plane of the cell. What stage of the cell cycle is it?
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