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KROK 1 Dentistry 2019 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2019 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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Examination of a person with an extremely short stature (dwarfism) detects childish facial features, normal body proportions, and underdeveloped secondary sexual characters. This person has low hormonal activity in the:
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A man, who for a long time has been suffering from chronic mandibular osteomyelitis, died of renal failure. Autopsy shows enlarged yellow - white kidneys that are extremely dense and have a waxy sheen. Light microscopy detected deposits of homogeneous pink masses in the glomerular capillary loops, walls of arterioles and arteries, canalicular basement membrane, and stroma. These deposits color black - red, when stained with Congo red. What process developed in the kidneys?
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A patient with bronchopneumonia was prescribed acetylcysteine. What are the indications for this drug?
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Light microscopy was used to study the morphology of human Y chromosome Centromere, is located close to one of the ends of the chromosome. Name the type of the chromosome:
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To prevent an increase in hepatitis B morbidity among the healthcare workers, it is necessary to vaccinate the medical personnel. What should be used for immunization in this case?
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A patient diagnosed with hepatic abscess was brought into the surgery department. He has a history of recurrent gastrointestinal disorders. Laboratory stool analysis detected round cells with 4 nuclei. What protozoal invasion can be detected in this case?
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A 40-year-old woman after installation of artificial crowns on her upper incisors eventually developed a brownish gingival enlargement on the vestibular surface. The enlargement covers the crowns and is 15 mm in diameter. Open biopsy results under the stratified squamous epithelium of the gums there is a neoplasm consisting of connective tissue with numerous sinusoid vessels, oval mononuclear cells that form osteoid substance, and multinucleated giant cells that destroy the maxillary alveolar ridge. Make the diagnosis:
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Blood sample was obtained for analysis. 30 % of erythrocytes in the sample are abnormally shaped. Name this phenomenon:
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A 66-year-old patient diagnosed with acute myocardial infraction was prescribed pharmacological preparation of streptokinase for thrombolysis. what glycoprotein is activated in the process?
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A 38-year-old man suddenly died Autopsy revealed myocardial infarction in the posterior wall of the left ventricle. What are the most likely changes in myocardiocyte structure that can be revealed microscopically in the infarction focus?
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A patient diagnosed with atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and rest angina pectoris was hospitalized into the cardiology department. Laboratory analysis shows high lipid into the levels in his blood plasma What class of plasma lipids plays the main role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?
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For a rapid relief of hypertensive crisis, a 65-year-old man was prescribed a drug that suppresses the reabsorption of sodium chloride in the thick segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and has marked diuretic effect. Name this drug:
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Exposure to formaldehyde caused DNA damage and one nucleotide in the DNA chain was replaced However, the sequence of protein amino acids remained unchanged. What characteristic of genetic code allows to preserve the information stored in the codon?
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A sick child has gingivitis caused by anaerobic infection. The child needs to be prescribed an antimicrobial drug that belongs to the following class:
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Gastroscopy of a patient revealed the lack of mucus in the coating of the mucous membrane. This can be caused by the dysfunction of the following cells of gastric wall?
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In Western Europe nearly half of all congenital malformations occur in the children conceived in the period, when pesticides were used extensively in the region. These congenital conditions result from the following influence:
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A 36-year-old man was hospitalized into the infectious diseases hospital with profuse diarrhea, signs of exicosis, and low body temperature. He died of uremia. Autopsy revealed a colorless liquid resembling rice water in the lumen of the small intestine; mucosa is edematous. Microscopy of the small intestine shows plethoric vessels, focal hemorrhages, enterocyte desquamation, hypersecretion of goblet cells, and lympholeukocytic infiltration of mucosal stroma. Make the diagnosis:
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A patient suffering from ciliary arrhythmia with anamnesis of bronchial asthma should be prescribed an antiarrhythmic drug. What antiarrhythmic drug is CONTRAINDICATED in this case?
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A person develops alimentary (nutritional) hyperglycemia after eating, which stimulates secretion following hormone:
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A patient who works underground mining developed pulmonary fibrosis. In this case spirometry shows the following
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To facilitate teeth mineralization in the course of caries treatment, certain substances are used. These substances are the source from which mineral are being supplied to the hard dental tissues. Name theses substances:
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A cell is an elementary living system that ensures proper structure, development, functioning, adaptation, procreation, and regeneration of the organism. Name the three main structural components of a cell:
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A fixed - run taxi passenger has a severe attack of tachycardia. A doctor travelling by the same taxi has managed to slow down his heart rate by pressing upon the eyeballs and thus inducing the following reflex:
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A patient with wrist wound started to develop an edema. At what stage of local circulatory disturbance dose it usually occur?
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Microscopy of a plaque - like structure extracted from the lateral surface of the tongue of a man with dentures revealed significant thickening of the epithelial layer along with processes of parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, and acanthosis; in the connective tissue there are small round cell infiltrations. Make the diagnosis of this pathological state:
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Among organic substances of a cell there is a polymer composed of dozens, hundreds, and thousands of monomers. This molecule is capable of self-reproduction and can be an information carrier. X-ray structure analysis shows this molecule to consist of two complementary spiral threads. Name this compound:
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A 24-year-old patient has been administered glutamic acid to treat epilepsy. Medicinal effect in this case occurs not due to glutamate itself, but due to the product of its decarboxylation:
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A 53-year-old patient with a long history of nephrolithiasis underwent of the nephrectomy. The kidney looks as a thin - walled sac filled with urine. Renal parenchyma is atrophied. Specify this complication of nephrolithiasis:
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Histological microslide shows a section of vessel that can be characterized with regular round shape. The vessel is gaping; its wall consists of 3 layers. The middle layer is fenestrated with 30-40 elastic membranes. What vessel is exhibited in the microslide?
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A 65-year-old man came to the general physician. He complains of dyspnea during even slight physical exertion, cyanotic skin and leg edemas. Prescribe him a cardiac glycoside for treatment of chronic heart failure:
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A patient who died of chronic kidney disease has dull pericardial layers with thin fiber - like gray deposits. What pathologic process is observed in the pericardium?
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A 30 years old women has delevoped signs of virilism (body hair growth balding temples, disturbed menstrual cycle). This condition can be caused by hyperproduction of the following hormobe
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A patient presents with aspermia. What organ is functionally disturbed?
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A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis is prescribed rifampicin that inhibits RNA-polymerase enzyme at the stage of initiation of the following process:
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A 19-year-old young man has been examined in a nephrological hospital. Increased potassium content was detected in secondary urine of the patient. Such changes are the most likely to be caused by in secretion of the following hormone:
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A 49-year-old man presents with facial edema, significant proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia and hyperlipidemia. What provisional diagnostics can be made?
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A man complain of varicose veins on his left leg. Venous nodes are located on the posterior surface of the shin and on the posterior and anterior surfaces of thigh. What superficial leg veins are damaged in this patient?
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The dentist examines a pregnant woman. There are 3 round lesions up to 1 cm in diameter On her oral mucosa. The lesions appeared 3 days ago. They have white-grey surface and red margin. The dentists can make the following diagnosis:
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A previously healthy 8 years olf boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents because of fever and progressively worsening sore throat and dydphagia physical examination shows pharyngeal erythema with tender left and right cerviacal lymphadenopathy. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) shows fluid accumulation in the retropharyngeal space. A diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess is suspected is mostly likely involved in this process?
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A dentist has to spend much of his time on his feet when working. Which can result in a venous congestion in the legs and varicose veins. Leading mechanism of congestion in this case is the decrease of:
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