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KROK 1 Dentistry 2021 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2021 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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A lab rat received a subcutaneous injection of mercury (II) chloride in the dosage of 5 mg per 1 kg of body mass. 24 hours later, the creatinine levels in the animal's blood plasma increased several times. What mechanism of retention azotemia is observed in this case?
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A man with a cardiovascular pathology presents with overproduction of angiotensin II. What enzyme takes part in angiotensin II synthesis?
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How does pH of venous blood differ from pH of arterial blood and why?
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4.During pregnancy, specific proteins that can destroy rhesus-positive erythrocytes of the fetus were detected in the blood of a rhesus-negative mother. Name this defensive component of the mother's body:
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Autopsy of the body of a man, who died after 3 weeks of pneumonia, shows acutely enlarged lower lobe of his right lung. The lobe is dense, airless, gray, with fibrin deposits on the pleura. Microscopy shows fibrin and segmented leukocytes in all alveoles of this lobe. Make the diagnosis:
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A patient needs to be prescribed a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone. Select such drug from the list below:
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Rectal microscopy shows large necrotic foci on the mucosa. Necrotic masses are saturated with fibrin, forming a film. Mucosa and submucosa on the periphery of the necrotic foci are hyperemic, swollen, and have hemorrhages and leukocyte infiltrations. What disease can be suspected?
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Most epithelial cells sampled from the oral mucosa of a man contained one X chromatin body. It is characteristic of:
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A child presents with delayed mental development, delayed growth and formation of the teeth, late development of ossification foci. and low basal metabolic rate. What endocrine gland is functionally insufficient, causing this condition?
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During an outbreak of a hospital-acquired infection, pure cultures of
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At autopsy, section of the right ovary shows a round lesion 2.5 cm in diameter with a clear serous fluid, surrounded by a smooth glistening membrane. Which of the following macroscopic lesions best represents the autopsy findings?
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A 23-year-old man developed a perforation in his hard palate, a dense formation with clear margins was detected in this area. After a surgery, microscopy of the excised formation shows there a large focus of caseous necrosis surrounded with a granulation tissue with endovasculitis and a cellular infiltration consisting of lymphocytes and epithelioid cells with predominance of plasma cells. What is the most likely disease in this case?
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After a cerebral hemorrhage, the patient developed a significant loss of gustatory sensitivity. What cerebral structure is likely to be damaged in this case?
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To improve tooth mineralization, dentists prescribe Ca+ preparations. This substance has no effect on the following processes in an organism:
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Examination of a 32-year-old man shows disproportional skeletal structure and enlargement of the supraorbital ridge, nose, lips, tongue, jawbones, and feet. What is the likely cause of these disturbances?
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After a nose trauma, a boxer developed an impaired sense of smell. What cells can cause a loss of smell, when damaged?
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A 3-year-old child was hospitalized with signs of stomatitis, gingivitis, and dermatitis on the bare areas of skin. Examination determined a hereditary disorder of neutral amino acid transport in the intestine. What vitamin is deficient in this patient, causing such signs?
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What diuretic will produce no effect in a patient with Addison disease?
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In the bone tissue there are large multinucleated cells with processes that contain numerous lysosome. Name these cells:
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Autopsy of the body of a 62-year-old man, who died with progressing signs of heart failure, revealed enlarged heart. The heart is flaccid and its chambers are distended. The myocardium is dull and clay-yellow on section. The endocardium has yellow-white stripes that is especially marked in the papillary muscles. What pathological process is the most likely?
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A shepherd tended to the sheep with the help of his dogs. Gradually he developed pain in his chest and started coughing blood. X-ray shows a spherical structure in his lungs. Immunology testing confirmed the provisional diagnosis. What helminth is the likely cause of this condition?
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A man with mandibular sarcoma presents with metaplasia in his biopsy material. Describe this phenomenon:
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What hormone of parotid glands intensifies teeth mineralization by stimulating calcium supply to the calcified tissues?
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During a spinal surgery, the patient's vertebral arches and their connecting ligaments were removed. Name these ligaments:
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It is known that saliva contains thromboplastins. What is their role in the oral cavity?
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A woman presents with edemas. In her urine there is a large amount of protein excreted. What nephron segment is functionally disturbed in this case?
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A 52-year-old man was diagnosed with systemic amebiasis that affects intestine, liver, and lungs. What drug should be administered in this case?
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A 34-year-old woman has a gastric ulcer. To describe the location of the ulcer, the doctor must know, into what parts the stomach can be divided:
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During microscopy of an embryo material, a yolk sac is visible in the microslide. What is the main function of this organ in the human body?
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Contractions of the respiratory muscles completely stop, if:
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A patient suffering from ciliary arrhythmia with anamnesis of bronchial prescribed an asthma should be antiarrhythmic drug. What antiarrhythmic drug is contraindicated in this case?
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On clinical examination a woman presents with excessive sweating, tachycardia, loss of weight, and tremor. What endocrine pathology can cause these signs?
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Autopsy of a 46-year-old man, who had untreated enteric infection and died of sepsis, revealed the following: perirectal phlegmon, multiple ulcers of the rectum and sigmoid colon, some of which are perforated; mucosa of these intestinal segments is thickened and covered with firmly attached grayish films. What is the most likely disease in this case?
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A patient presents with disturbed patency of the respiratory tracts at the level of small and medium bronchi. What acid-base imbalance is likely to be detected in the patient's blood in this case?
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When preparing a dental plaque smear and staining it according to the Gram method, a student during microscopy detected there various violet and pink microorganisms. What structural component of microorganisms causes different response to stains?
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Dental implants were installed in a patient. Three weeks later, implant rejection occurred. What blood cells play the largest role in this pathological process?
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During experiment the processes of food and water hydrolysis products absorption were studied. It was determined that these processes mainly occur in the following gastrointestinal segment:
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Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid is catalyzed by a multienzyme complex with several functionally linked coenzymes. Name this complex:
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Trying to lose weight, a woman has limited the number of products in her diet. Three months later she developed edema and increased urine output, which indicates that her diet is low on the following type of nutrients:
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Influenza serology allows detecting the increase of antibody titer against the causative agent in the patient's blood serum. What antibody titer increase must be observed with paired serum samples, for the result to be considered valid?
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