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KROK 1 Medicine 2011 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2011 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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A histological specimen of a kidney shows a part of the distal tubule going between the afferent and efferent arteriole. The cells building the tubule wall have dense nuclei; basal membrane is absent. Such structural formation is called:
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During preparation of a patient to a heart surgery it was necessary to measure pressure in heart chambers. In one of them pressure varied from 0 mm Hg up to 120 mm Hg within one cardiac cycle. What heart chamber is it?
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A patient with essential hypertension has a high rate of blood renin. Which of antihypertensive drugs should be preferred?
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In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with antitoxic diphtherial serum was put on the dense nutrient medium. There were also inoculated a mi-crobal culture under examination and a strain that is known to be toxigenic. If the microbal culture under examination produces exotoxin, this wil result in formation of:
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It was revealed that T-lymphocytes were affected by HIV. Virus enzyme -reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase) - catalyzes the synthesis of:
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Microscopical examination of an enlarged cervical lymph node revealed blurring of its structure, absence of lymphoid follicles; all the microscopic fields showed cells with roundish nuclei and thin limbus of basophil cytoplasm. It is known from the clinical data that other groups of lymph nodes are also enlarged as well as spleen and liver. What disease might be suspected?
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A 38-year-old patient came to a traumatology centre and complained about an injury of his right hand. Objectively: the patient has a cut wound in the region of the thenar eminence on the right hand; distal phalanx of the I finger cannot be flexed. What muscle was injured?
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Lung ventilation in a person is increased as a result of physical activity. Which of the following indices of the external respiration is much higher than in a state of rest?
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As a result of activation of the ion channels of the external membrane the rest potential of an excitable cell has greatly increased. What channels were activated?
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As a result of continuous starvation the glomerular filtration rate has increased by 20%. The most probable cause of the glomerular filtration alteration under the mentioned conditions is:
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A patient with cardiogenic shock, hypotension, asphyxia and edemata was given an injection of non-glycosidic cardiotonic. What drug was injected?
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After transfusion of 200 ml of blood a patient presented with body temperature rise up to 37,9°C. Which of the following substances is the most likely cause of temperature rise?
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A man who is riding the carousel presents with increased heart rate, sweating, nausea. This condition is caused primarily by the stimulation of the following receptors:
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A worker of a cattle farm fell acutely ill and then died from the progressing intoxication. Autopsy revealed enlarged, hyposthenic spleen of dark-cherry colour when dissected; excessive pulp scraping. At the base and fornix of brain pia maters are edematous, soaked with blood, dark-red ("scarlet hat"). Microscopic examination revealed serous haemorrhagic inflammation of brain tissues and tunics along with destruction of small vessel walls. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Which of the listed diuretic agents WILL NOT have diuretic effect on a patient with Addison's disease?
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A man with a wound of his limb that had been suppurating for a long time died from intoxication. Autopsy revealed extreme emaciation, dehydration, brown atrophy of liver, myocardium, spleen and cross-striated muscles as well as renal amyloidosis. What diagnosis corresponds with the described presentations?
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This drug has a destructive effect on erythrocytic forms of malarial plasmodia and dysenteric amoebae. It is used for treatment and prevention of such diseases as malaria, amebiasis and interstitial disease. What drug is it?
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A patient has an increased pyruvate concentration in blood, most of it is excreted with the urine. What kind of avitaminosis has this patient?
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A child suffers from drug idiosyncrasy. What is the cause of such reaction?
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One of the parents is suspected of having phenylketonuria recessive gene. What is the risk of giving birth to a child with inborn phenylketonuria?
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Pulmonary examination of a patient who has worked as a stone grinder for 9 years revealed small dense roundish nodules consisting of connective tissue. The nodules were found to have peripheral macrophages. Such pulmonary alterations are indicative of the following disease:
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A 12-year-old teenager has significantly put off weight within 3 months; glucose concentration rose up to 50 mi-llimole/l. He fell into a coma. What is the main mechanism of its development?
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Which way of heat emission by the bodies of greenhouse workers is the most effective at the temperature of 36°C degrees and relative humidity of 70%?
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Examination of a 70-year-old patient revealed insulin-dependent diabetes. What drug should be administered?
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A disaster fighter at a nuclear power plant developed hemorrhagic syndrome on the background of acute radiation disease. What is the most important factor of syndrome pathogenesis?
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Jaundice treatment involves administration of barbiturates inducing the synthesis of UDP-glucuronyl transferase. A medicinal effect is caused by the production of:
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A histological specimen shows a blood vessel. Its inner coat is composed by endothelium, subendothelium and internal elastic membrane. The middle coat is enriched with smooth myocytes. Such morphological characteristics are typical for the following vessel:
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An 18-year-old man was delivered to the hospital after a road accident. Examination at the traumatological department revealed multiple injuries of soft tissues of face in the region of the medial eye angle. The injuries caused massive hemorrhage. What arterial anastomosis might have been damaged in this region?
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Autopsy of a 75-year-old man with a long history of atherosclerosis revealed a grey irregular-shaped focus of loose consistency in the right parietotemporal region of brain. What is the most likely cause of this process?
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Autopsy of a man with a malignant stomach tumour who had died from cancer intoxication revealed in the posteroinferior lung fields some dense, grayish-red irregular foci protruding above the section surface. Microscopic examination revealed exudate containing a large amount of neutrophils in the lumen and walls of small bronchi and alveoles. Such pulmonary alterations indicate the following disease:
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A surgeon has to find the common hepatic duct during the operative intervention on account of concrements in the gall ducts. The common hepatic duct is located between the leaves of:
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Autopsy of a 1,5-year-old child revealed haemorrhagic skin rash, moderate hyperaemia and edema of nasopharyngeal mucous membrane, small hemorrhages in the mucous membranes and internal organs; dramatic dystrophic alterations in liver and myocardium; acute necrotic nephrosis; massive hemorrhages in the adrenal glands. What disease are these alterations the most typical for?
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A 75-year-old-female patient with complaints of visual impairment has been delivered to the ophthalmologic department. Objective examination revealed a brain tumor in area of the left optic tract. The patient has a visual field defect in the following area:
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A patient with coronary disease has been diagnosed with myocardial hypertrophy, tachycardia and a decrease in minute blood volume. What is the leading mechanism of cardiac hystiocyte damage in this case?
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Blood analysis of a patient with jaundice reveals conjugated bilirubi-nemia, increased concentration of bile acids. There is no stercobilinogen in urine. What type of jaundice is it?
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While studying maximally spiralized chromosomes of human karyotype the process of cell division was stopped in the following phase:
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A man is being measured power inputs on an empty stomach, in the lying position, under conditions of physical and psychic rest at a comfortable temperature. Power inputs will reach the maximum at:
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When measuring power inputs of a man by the method of indirect calorimetry the following results were obtained: 1000 ml oxygen consumption and 800 ml carbon dioxide liberation per minute. The man under examination has the following respiratory coefficient:
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A newborn child with pylorostenosis has often repeating vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, hypertonicity, sometimes convulsions. What disorder form of acid-base balance is it?
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A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:
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