A 35-year-old male developed acute heart failure while running for a long time. What changes in the ionic composition can be observed in the cardiac muscle?

Answer options

1. Reduction of K and Mg2 ions in the extracellular space
2. Accumulation of Na and Ca2 ions in the myocardium cells
3. Reduction of Na and Ca2 ions in the extracellular space
4. Accumulation of K and Mg2 ions in the myocardium cells
5. Reduction of Na and Ca2 ions in the myocardium cells

Explanation

Hypercalcemia will cause inhibition of depolarization, it increases the threshold of depolarization and causes abnormal rhythm in contraction, which leads to acute heart failure.