Due to the use of poor-quality measles vaccine for preventive vaccination, a 1-year-old child developed an autoimmune renal injury. The urine was found to contain macromolecular proteins. What process of urine formation was disturbed?

Answer options

1. Reabsorption
2. Filtration
3. Secretion
4. Secretion and filtration
5. Reabsorption and secretion

Explanation

Macromolecules are normally not filtered in the glomerulus. Proteinuria can only occur when there’s a problem with filtration, especially injury to the glomerulus.