Section shows significant enlargement of the patient’s right kidney. There is a nephrolith at the place of incision. Renal pelvic lumen is distended with accumulating urine. Renal parenchyma is acutely thinned out. What is the most correct diagnosis?

Answer options

1. Renal cyst
2. Pyelectasis
3. Hydronephrosis
4. Nephroblastoma
5. Hydroureteronephrosis

Explanation

Hydronephrosis is the swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine. It happens when urine cannot drain out from the kidney to the bladder from a blockage or obstruction.