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KROK 1 Medicine 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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A 15-year-old girl complains of rapid fatigability, weakness and palpitations. Blood test: Erythrocytes – 2.5 g/L, Hb – 50 g/L, color index – 0.6, anisocytosis with the prevalence of microcytosis. Blood serum iron is 5.4 mmol. What hematologic pathology is observed in this case?
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After a traffic accident, the lower limb of the injured person had to be amputated. For a long time the patient was still feeling the amputated limb and intense unbearable pain in it. What type of pain developed in this patient?
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A laboratory rat with chronic kidney failure has osteoporosis, pathologic calcification of the internal organs and arterial hypertension. These disturbances are associated with increased activity of the following hormone:
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A 26-year-old woman was brought into the maternity department. Considering the term of her pregnancy (40 weeks), she should have gone into labor already. Examination determined that the uterine cervix is open but uterine contraction are absent. The doctor gave her a hormone drug for intensification a labor activity. Name this drug:
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A test animal received electrical impulses that irritate the sympathetic nerve that innervates blood vessels of the skin. What reaction will it cause in the blood vessels?
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A 50-year-old man complains of a hoarse voice and difficult breathing. Examination detected a laryngeal tumor in the region of the vocal cords. In this case metastases can spread to the following regional lymph nodes:
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Clinical instrumental examination of a patient allowed to provisionally diagnose him with liver cancer. What protein is indicative of this diagnosis, if it is present in the blood serum?
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10 days after the administration of an antitoxic anti-diphtheritic serum, a child with diphtheria developed skin rashes accompanied by severe itching, body temperature increased up to 38 degree C, the child developed pain in the joints. What likely cause of these phenomena can be suggested?
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Parents of a sick child came to the infectious disease specialist. The parents were working in India for a long time. The child has the following signs: a gray tint to the skin tone, loss of appetite, inertness, enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes. What protozoan disease can be suspected in the child?
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ECG of the patient shows increased duration of the QRS complex. What is the most likely causes?
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Blood test shows the following: Sodium – 115 mmol/L, chlorides – 85 mmol/L, glucose – 6 mmol/L, total protein – 65 g/L. The first consequence of such changes will be the decrease of:
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A patient complains of frequent and excessive urination and thirst. Urinalysis revealed the following: 24 hour diuresis – 19 liters, specific gravity – 1.00A. These values are characteristic of:
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A 16-year-old girl has no hair on the pubis and in the armpits, her mammary glands are underdeveloped, no menstruation. This condition can be caused by the following hormone imbalance:
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A patient has an allergic response with itching, edemas and skin redness. In the tissues there is an increased concentration of a certain biogenic amine. Name this biogenic amine:
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It is known that hepatitis D virus belongs to defective viruses and can reproduce in the host cells only in the presence of another hepatitis virus. Name this other hepatitis virus:
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Genealogical analysis of a child with myotonic dystrophy determined that this disease manifests in every generation, is in equal measure present in the relatives of both genders, the risk of inheriting this disease is equal no matter which parent is affected. If one of the parents is heterozygous for this disease and the other parent is healthy, the risk of them giving birth to a sick child is 50%. What type of disease inheritance is it?
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A certain vitamin is a component of glutamic acid decarboxylase as a coenzyme, takes part in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid and its deficiency manifests as convulsions. Name this vitamin:
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Histological specimen shows parenchyma of an organ that consist of lymphoid tissue that forms lymph nodules; the nodules are located diffusely and have a central artery. What anatomical structure has such morphological characteristic?
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A medical student was hospitalized into the infectious diseases unit on the 2nd day after the disease onset. The patient is suspected to have infectious mononucleosis. What results of laboratory analysis can confirm this diagnosis immediately on the day of the hospitalization.
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After a spinal trauma the patient was lost proprioceptive sensitivity in the lower half of the body and in the lower limbs. What sensory conduction pathway was likely damaged, leading to the loss of sensitivity?
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A patient presents with an acute attack of cholelithiasis. Laboratory examination of the patient’s feces will show the following in this case:
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Autopsy of the body of 72-year-old woman, who was suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and died of uremia, revealed enlarged pale gray kidneys with glossy lardaceous surface on section. Based on the macroscopic changes, the pathologist suspected:
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The patient notes frequent diarrheas, especially after eating fatty food and loss of weight. Laboratory testing detected steatorrhea and hypocholic feces. What is the likely cause of this condition?
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A person developed increased pulmonary ventilation due to physical exertion. What indicator of external respiration will be significantly increased compared to the resting state?
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A 48-year-old man is unconscious. He has a history of several syncopal episodes with convusions. ECG shows deformed QRS complexes unconnected with P waves, atrial contractions are approximately 70/min, ventricular contractions are 25-30/min. Name the type of arrhythmia in this case:
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An oncology patient is to undergo a surgery on the descending colon. Name the main source of the blood supply to this organ:
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Body fluids, especially urine, of a sick child produce a specific sweet odor. It is associated with the disturbed metabolism of such amino acids as leucine, isoleucine and valine. What diagnosis will be made by the doctor in this case?
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Examination of the femoral bone detected chronic suppurative inflammation of the compact substance and bone marrow, formation of bone sequestra. What disease is associated with such changes?
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Autopsy of the body revealed a large wedge-shaped patch of dense dark red tissue with clear margins in the upper lobe of the right lung. Histological examination detected there necrosis of the alveolar walls; the alveolar lumen is tightly packed with erythrocytes. What process occurred in the lungs?
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A nurse mistakenly gave nearly a double dose of insulin to a patient with diabetes mellitus, which caused hypoglycemic coma in the patient. What medicine should be administered to bring the patient out of the coma?
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A lab rat has subcutaneously received mercury(II) chloride in the amount of 5 mg/kg. 24 hours later the plasma creatinine concentration increased several times. What mechanism of retention azotemia is observed in this case?
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In the hospital a patient was diagnosed with anemia. During the anamnesis collection, it was revealed that the patient had been suffering from peptic ulcer disease of the stomach for several years already. What type of anemia is most likely in this patient?
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24 hours after an appendectomy the patient’s blood test shows neutrophilic leukocytosis with a regenerative shift. What is the most likely mechanism of absolute leukocytosis development in the patient’s peripheral blood?
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A patient with massive burns received a skin graft from a donor. On the 8th day after the grafting, the transplant became edematous and discolored. On the 11th day transplant rejection started. What cells take part in this process?
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A 15-year-old teenager complains of general weakness, dizziness and rapid fatigability. Examination detected deformed erythrocytes, their number is decreased. The provisional diagnosis of sickle-cell anemia was made. What amnio acid replacement in hemoglobin causes the development of this pathological condition?
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Name the supramolecular multienzyme complex that is integrated into the lipid layer of inner mitochondrial membrane that creates conditions for redox reactions:
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The process of tissue respiration is accompanied by oxidation of organic compounds and synthesis of macroergic molecules. In what organelles does this process occur?
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A patient with ischemic heart disease has increased levels of triglycerides and low density lipoproteins in this blood plasma. What medicine should he be prescribed?
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A woman with enteritis accompanied by severe diarrhea presents with the loss of water in the extracellular space, increased water content in the cells and decreasing blood osmolarity. Name this type of water-electrolyte imbalance:
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Autopsy of the body of a person, who died after an abdominal surgery, revealed numerous thrombi in the veins of the lesser pelvis. Clinically, thromboembolism syndrome was registered. Where should the pathologist search for thromboembolas?
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