An 18-year-old girl in her childhood underwent a surgery for complete bilateral cleft upper lip. Examination detects multiple scars on the markedly flat upper lip. There is no visible asymmetry, but the upper lip is slightly deformed. Wide bases of the wings of her nose are symmetrically displaced laterally and posteriorly. Her nasal septum is shortened. The tip of the nose is bifurcated and drawn to the upper lip. Her nasal dorsum is arcuate. What changes occurred in the patient’s jaws?

Answer options

1. The lower jaw is underdeveloped due to reduced masticatory load, the upper jaw is flattened
2. The upper jaw is underdeveloped, the intermaxilla is frontally displaced due to interrupted labial muscle layer
3. Both upper and lower jaws are flattened in their lateral areas due to disturbed nasal breathig
4. Both upper and lower jaws are underdeveloped due to reduced masticatory load and flattened in their frontal areas
5. The upper jaw is underdeveloped in its frontal area, while its lateral areas remain without pathologic changes