A 33-year-old male patient was brought to Emergency Department with the signs of cardiovascular collapse: BP - 60/30 mm Hg, Ps - 140 bpm, the skin is pale and moist, diuresis 20 ml/h, Hb - 80 g/l, red blood cell count - 2,5 × 1012/l. The reduction of blood volume averages:

Answer options

1. 10-15%
2. 30-40%
3. 20-25%
4. 15-20%
5. 25-30%

Explanation

There are 4 stages of blood loss: Stage 1 is characterized by Up to 15% (750 mL) of blood loss with normal BP, HR, RR, mental status, capillary refill, urine out but pale skin. Stage 2 is characterized by 15-30% (750-1500ml) blood loss with increased diastolic BP, slight tachycardia (>100bpm), increased respiratory rate (>20), slight anxiety, and restlessness, delayed capillary refill, pale skin, and a urine output of 20-30mL/h. Stage 3 is characterized by 30-40% (1500-2000ml) of blood loss with systolic BP <100, tachycardia (>120bpm), tachypnea (>30) altered, and confusion, increased diaphoresis, delayed capillary refill, and urine output of 20ml/h. Stage 4 is characterized by over 40% (over 2000ml) of blood loss, systolic BP <70, extreme tachycardia (>140bpm) with weak pulse, extreme tachypnea, lethargy, coma, extreme diaphoresis, absent capillary refill, and urine out is negligible.