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KROK 2 Medicine 2025 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2025 KROK 2 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A patient, who has hemorrhages in the form of dark red spots on the skin, underwent the tongue test with Tillman's reagent on an empty stomach, one hour before a meal - decoloration occurred in 58 seconds. What vitamin is deficient in this case, as indicated by the test?
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On the second day after the childbirth, the 28-year-old postparturient woman with severe preeclampsia against the background of intense headache and increased blood pressure of 180/110 mm Hg developed a seizure attack, after which she remained in the state of increased seizure readiness. What medicine should be prescribed in this case to prevent convulsive status in the patient?
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A 28-year-old patient complains of sensation of a foreign body under the eyelids, eyelid heaviness, dry eyes, and lacrimation, especially in the evening. Objectively, the edges of the eyelids are hyperemic and edematous, isolated small scales can be observed between the eyelashes, the conjunctiva of the eyelids and eyeball is unchanged, the optical media and fundus are normal. Visual acuity is 1.0. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A patient has made an appointment with his family doctor, because he needs to undergo a preventive examination before being hired to work at a chemical plant. What type of preventive examination is needed for this patient?
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A 22-year-old patient lies in bed with his head raised high and feels no discomfort in this position. He enters the conversation reluctantly, responds to whispered speech, gives one-word answers. His face is indifferent and hypomimic, the forehead is wrinkled, the lips are puckered. The patient moves very little and often freezes for a long time in an uncomfortable position. This condition has developed gradually over the course of a week with no apparent cause. What condition is observed in the patient?
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What type of hospital is specifically organized to provide humane, customized, and family-oriented facilities for the care of dying patients?
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A 2-day-old baby presents with melena and vomiting with blood. According to the patient's medical history, the child was born with the body weight of 3400 g, the body length of 52 cm, and the Apgar score of 8. The mother has epilepsy and for its treatment she was taking anticonvulsants during her pregnancy. Complete blood count: erythrocytes 2.2 *1012/L, hemoglobin 112 g/L, hematocrit 0.38, platelets 185 * 109/L. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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During coke production, the concentration of dust in the air has been for many years 4-6 times higher than the maximum permissible concentration. What disease is most likely to develop among the plant's workers as a result?
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A 38-year-old man complains of cough with purulent sputum (up to 60-80 ml per 24 hours) and fever of 39°C. He associates his condition with overexposure to cold. Objectively, his pulse is 96/min, rhythmic. Blood pressure 110/60 mm Hg. Examination reveals that the right side of the chest is lagging behind in the process of breathing. Respiratory rate 30/min. Percussion detects local dullness of the sound near the angle of the scapula. Auscultation detects heterogeneous wet crackles and amphoric breathing.What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 28-year-old patient has been hospitalized with complaints of abdominal pain. Objectively, the anterior abdominal wall takes part in the act of breathing. Muscle tension, tenderness, and positive signs of peritoneal irritation can be detected by palpation of the abdominal wall. Hepatic dullness is absent. Peristalsis sounds cannot be auscultated. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 47-year-old patient, a designer, developed complaints of palpitations, excessive sweating, hand tremor, and pain in the eyes. According to the patient's medical history, she has been taking amiodarone, warfarin, lisinopril, torasemide, and trimetazidine for 7 months for treatment of her persistent atrial fibrillation. What drug has most likely caused the deterioration of the patient's condition?
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A 42-year-old patient has been hospitalized with complaints of constant pain in The lumbar spine. The pain intensifies during movements. According to the patient's history, he fell from the height of the second floor during construction work. Objectively, smoothing of the lumbar lordosis is observed. During palpation of the spinous processes . The pain is most intense at the level of L1 vertebra stuck heel sign is positive (inability to perform the straight leg raise test). What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 42-year-old patient has been hospitalized in a severe condition with seizures. Objectively, he has a sardonic smile and nuchal rigidity. Stimulation provokes clonic seizures in the limbs. Pulse - 140/min. respiratory rate - 30/min. According to the patient's wife, three weeks ago he injured his leg with a rusty nail. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 22-year-old pregnant woman has been hospitalized in a severe condition. Throughout the past three days, she developed edemas, headache, nausea, and one episode of vomiting. Objectively, her consciousness is clouded, her blood pressure is 160/130 mm Hg. She presents with small fibrillar twitching of the facial muscles and problems with nasal breathing. During transportation, the woman's arms started twitching, her body stretched out, her spine curved, her jaws tightly clenched, and she stopped breathing. Then she developed clonic seizures and marked cyanosis. After that, the seizures stopped, a deep noisy inhale occurred, and blood-stained foam appeared on the patient's lips. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 32-year-old patient complains of decreased visual acuity, nausea, iridescent circles in the eyes when looking at the light, and pain in the right eye. The pain radiates to the right temple. Objectively, the following is observed: right stagnant injection of scleral vessels, edematous cornea, shallow anterior chamber, dilated pupil. The fundus reflex is dull pink because of corneal edema. Intraocular pressure-58 mm Hg. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 23-year-old patient complains of edema and pain in the knee and elbow joints, rapid heart rate, and fever of 38°C. According to the patient's medical history, 2 weeks ago he had acute respiratory viral infection. Objectively, edema of knee and elbow joints is observed. Pulse 94/min, transverse cardiac diameter 14 cm. Auscultation detects weakening of the first heart sound and a systolic murmur at the apex. Complete blood count: leukocytes 9.109/L, ESR 18 mm/hour. Urinalysis: protein 0.033 g/L, leukocytes 6-8 in sight. ECG shows sinus tachycardia, PQ interval 0.24 seconds. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 38-year-old woman has bronchial asthma with concomitant type 1 diabetes mellitus. She receives complex therapy that includes salmeterol, beclomethasone, theophylline, cromolyn, and prednisolone. What group of drugs makes it necessary to correct the insulin dose?
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A 72-year-old patient has been hospitalized with complaints of intense palpitations. The symptoms started suddenly, approximately 40 minutes ago. The patient denies chest pain or dizziness. He has a history of arterial hypertension, for the treatment of which he regularly takes medicines, but does not know their name. Objectively, the patient is conscious and oriented, verbal contact with him is productive. Blood pressure 104/55 mm Hg. SpO2 shows 97% on room air. ECG registers a rhythm of 190/min with a regular rhythm, the width of the QRS complexes is 0.09 seconds, a negative P wave is registered after each ventricular complex. What drug should be used to start the treatment of this patient?
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The connection between the amount of work experience and eosinophil count in blood was studied in the women, who work in dyeing shops of textile factories. What should be used for the analysis of these data?
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A 30-year-old woman complains of fever of 38.7°C, pain in the lower abdomen, and dysuric disorders. She has history of an artificial abortion performed 3 days ago. Bimanual examination detects that the cervix is cylindrical, the opening is closed, the body of the uterus is slightly enlarged, painful, and soft. The uterine appendages are not palpable. Purulent-hemorrhagic discharge is being produced. Blood test results: leukocytes 10.109/L, band neutrophils 12%. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 16-year-old girl complains of bleeding observed for 4 days, weakness, dizziness, and headache. According to the patient's medical history, her menarche occurred at the age of 15. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 25-year-old woman complains of shortness of breath during physical exertion, fever of 37.8°C, dull pain in the area of her heart, and palpitations. According to the patient's medical history, 2 weeks ago she had a case of an acute respiratory viral infection. Objectively, the skin is pale, pulse 95/min, blood pressure 100/60 mm Hg. Auscultation detects vesicular respiration, respiratory rate 22/min. The heart sounds are rhythmic, the first heart sound is weakened at the apex, a systolic murmur can be heard. ECG shows reduced voltage and negative T wave. Laboratory tests detect elevated levels of AST, LDH, and CPK. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 42-year-old patient complains of dense edema of both hands, tightness of the skin of the face, intermittent pain in the joints, discoloration of the skin of the fingers when exposed to cold. Objectively, the following is observed: amimia of the face, telangiectasia, the skin of the hands is pale and cold. Capillaroscopy reveals reduced capillary density, giant capillaries, and hemorrhages. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 34-year-old patient complains of headache, edema of the limbs and face, and pink-red urine. He has history of acute tonsillitis that occurred three weeks ago. Objectively, the following is observed: pulse 98/min, blood pressure 180/110 mm Hg. Urinalysis results: specific gravity 1.021, protein 2.3 g/L, erythrocytes 35-40 in sight, leukocytes 3-5 in sight, granular casts 3-4 in sight. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 15-year-old patient developed signs of acute heart failure against the background of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Echocardiography shows symmetrical hypertrophy of the myocardium of the ventricles, the contractility is satisfactory. What treatment tactics would be optimal in this case?
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A 28-year-old patient complains of severe shortness of breath during even mild physical exertion, dizziness, forced body position (semi-sitting), and subfebrile body temperature.According to the patient's medical history, her condition was gradually deteriorating over the course of the last 1.5 months after a case of an acute respiratory viral infection. Auscultation detects harsh respiration and dry crackles, the heart sounds are rhythmic and severely muffled, Blood pressure - 110/70 mm Hg. Chest X-ray shows that the shadow of the heart is severely expanded in both directions, the cardiac waistline is smoothed out. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?stenosis
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The effect of various risk factors on exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease of the stomach was studied. Among other factors, the seasonality of this disease was studied. What group of risk factors does it belong to?
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A 57-year-old patient complains of loss of appetite, heaviness and distension in the epigastric region that are not associated with eating, belching with musty-smelling air and food, nausea, and meat intolerance. According to the patient's medical history, he has been suffering from peptic ulcer disease of the stomach for the last 18 years, the deterioration of his condition occurred two months ago. Blood test reveals moderately severe anemia, leukocytosis, and increased ESR. Fecal occult blood test is positive. Gastric secretion test detects hypochlorhydria. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy allowed diagnosing an ulcer 2.5 cm in diameter with uneven, indistinct edges in the gastric cardia on the large curvature. What complication has most likely occurred in the patient?
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A 20-year-old woman complains of fever of 38°C and productive cough with expectoration i sputum. According to the patient's medical history, the disease onset was acute and occurred 5 days ago after recovery from a case of an acute respiratory viral infection. Objectively, respiratory rate 26/min. Percussion produces a dull sound in the lower segments of the lungs on the right. Auscultation detects weakened respiration in this area, with wet fine vesicular crackles, Heart rate 110/min. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 6-year-old child complains of an unsteady gait, limb tremor, and fever. According to the patient's medical history, the child has been ill with chickenpox for the past 4 days. Objectively, the child has nystagmus and dysarthria. What complication has developed in the child?
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A 32-year-old patient looks at the pattern on the wallpaper and sees the lines begin to move and form silhouettes of fantastic animals. Instead of a lighting fixture hanging from the ceiling, he sees a giant octopus. What psychopathological symptom is observed in this case?
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A 48-year-old patient developed sharp headache (“as if struck by a knife”) and vomiting after emotional stress. The patient has a history of arterial hypertension. Objectively, general agitation and facial hyperemia are observed. Marked meningeal symptoms can be detected: nuchal rigidity, Kernig's sign, photosensitivity and general hypoesthesia. The cranial nerves are without pathologies. There are no pareses. Reflexes are brisk and uniform. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 2-year-old child suffers from frequent and long-lasting respiratory diseases and pancreatogenic malabsorption. The child has been provisionally diagnosed with mucoviscidosis (cystic fibrosis). What study is necessary to confirm this diagnosis?
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A 40-year-old man complains of fever, chills, tachycardia, and pain in the area of his liver. Ultrasound detects a hypoechoic focus with clear contours and homogeneous contents in the right lobe of the liver, against the background of which there is a high-intensity inclusion. The CT scan revealed a round mass with smooth clear contours and a gas bubble in its upper part. Blood tests detect leukocytosis and increased ESR. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 50-year-old patient complains of pain in the bones and ribs. Complete blood count: erythrocytes - 3.31012/L, hemoglobin - 100 g/L, leukocytes - 6.5109/L, segmented neutrophils - 50%, lymphocytes - 32%, monocytes - 18%, ESR - 62 mm/hour. Skull X-ray shows multiple small regular-shaped defects. Sternal punctate contains 30% of plasma cells. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 42-year-old patient complains of acute spastic abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting with intestinal contents, abdominal distension that decreases alter vomiting, and gas retention.According to the patient's history, the disease onset was 4 hours ago. Objectively, the following is observed: pulse - 110/min, the tongue is dry and coated, the abdomen is asymmetrically distended - enlarged upper half, soft to palpation, painful. Auscultation detects active peristaltic sounds with metallic tinkling. splashing, and gurgling. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 28-year-old patient with acute gastrointestinal bleeding of the III degree was transfused with 1000 mL of preserved packed erythrocytes of the same group. What must be used during the hemotransfusion to prevent citrate intoxication?
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The parents of a 6-year-old boy complain of pain and paresthesia in their child's legs, the child quickly tires when walking. Objectively, the following is observed: disproportionate development of the muscles of the upper and lower shoulder girdle, hypotonia of the leg muscles, no pulsation on the femoral arteries, significantly weakened pulsation on the abdominal aorta, systolic murmur in the inter scapular area. Blood pressure in the arms 140/100 mm Hg, blood pressure in the legs 80/40 mm Hg. X-ray detects severe erosions (usurations) on the ribs. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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A 5-year-old child became acutely ill with fever of 39.2°C, one episode of vomiting, complaints of cramping pain in the abdomen, tenesmus, and frequent bowel movements that produce a small amount of feces and a large amount of mucus with pus and blood streaks. Examination detects a dense sigmoid colon that is painful to palpation. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
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Examination of a 12-year-old boy reveals severely disharmonious physical development. His biological age is 6 months behind his chronological age. Over the last year, he had 4 cases of acute respiratory viral infection. There are no functional changes in other organs. What is the health group of this boy?
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