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KROK 1 Dentistry 2008 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2008 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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Microscopical examination of discharges from the gums of a patient ill with paradontosis revealed some protozoan pear-shaped organisms 6-13 micrometer long. The parasite has one nucleus and undulating membrane, there are four flagella at the front of its body. What protozoan were found?
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Recovery of an organism from an infectious disease is accompanied by neutralization of antigens by specific antibodies. What cells produce them?
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Introduction of a local anesthetic to a patient resulted in the development of anaphylactic shock. What is the leadi- ng mechanism of blood circulation disturbance?
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A patient who attempted suicide in a state of serious depression was delivered to a hospital by an ambulance. What drugs should be administered?
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A microphotography represents a fragment of cortical substance of a kidney. This fragment contains thick spot cells and juxtaglomerular cells with big secretory granules. What kidney structure is represented?
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Clinical examination enabled to make a provisional diagnosis: stomach cancer. Gastric juice contained lactic acid. What type of glucose catabolism turns up in the cancerous cells?
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Examination of a child revealed growth of a pharyngeal tonsil causing the obstructed air escape from nasal cavity. What openings of nasal cavity are blocked in this case?
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A patient in a cardiological department has arrhythmia. A doctor administered him amyodaron. What is the main mechanism of amyodaron's antiarrhythmic action?
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When doctors of a sanitary-and-epidemiologic institution examine employees of public catering establishments they often reveal asymptomatic parasitosis, that is when a healthy person is a carrier of cysts that infect other people. What causative agent cannot parasitize in such a way?
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During embryogenesis trophoblast develops into an organ rudiment that has endocrinal function. What rudiment is it?
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A patient ill with adenoma of glomerular zone of adrenal cortex (Conn's disease) has arterial hypertension, convulsions, polyuria. What is the main factor in the pathogenesis of these disturbances?
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A patient has acute cardiac insufficiency resulting from essential hypertension. What drug is the most appropriate in this case?
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A man's heart rate was measured according to his pulse. It equaled 120 bpm. What is the duration of cardiac cycle?
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Typical symptom of cholera is loss of a large quantity of water and sodium ions by an organism. What mechanism underlies initiation of diarhea in this case?
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A newborn child has hyperemia, edema of mouth mucous membrane, small erosions with viscous mucopurulent discharge. Examination of mucopus smears reveals a great number of leukocytes containing gram-negative diplococci. The same microorganisms can be found outside the leukocytes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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Hemotransfusion stimulated development of intravascular erythrocyte hemolysis. The patient has the following type of hypersensitivity:
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A patient has a skin defect as a result of an extensive burn. In order to mask this defect the surgeons transplanted a skin flap from other body part of this patient. What type of transplantation is it?
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A lightly dressed man is standing in a room; air temperature is 14°C'. Windows and doors are closed. In what way does he loose heat most of all?
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A 30 y.o. man was irradiated with approximately 3 Gy. What blood changes will be revealed 8 hours after exposure to radiation?
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A patient was prescribed a drug with apparent lipophilic properties. What is the main mechanism of its absorption?
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A patient was stung by a bee. Examination results: his left hand is hot, pink and edematic, there is a big blister on the spot of the sting. What is the leading mechanism of edema development?
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A patient ill with diabetes mellitus went through an operation on account of abscess in the area of posterior part of his neck. The wound healing lasted for a month and a half; the wound constantly discharged pus. On the site of the healed wound there appeared an irregular scar. In what way did the wound healing take place?
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Microscopic examination during autopsy of a 70 y.o. man who had been ill with atherosclerosis for a long time and died from cardiovascular insufficiency revealed in the abdominal area of aorta some dense oval fibrous plaques with lime deposition in form of dense brittle plates. What stage of atherosclerosis morphogenesis is it?
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As a result of expression of some genome components the embryo cells acquire typical morphological, biochemical and functional properties. Name this process:
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It is known that information about amino acid sequence in a protein molecule is stored as a sequence of four nucleotide types in a DNA molecule, and different amino acids are encoded by different quantity of triplets ranging from one to six. Name this property of genetic code:
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Speed of excitement conduction was studied on different areas of an isolated heart. In what area was the lowest speed registered?
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A patient dropped into an ice hole, froze in the wind and fell ill. Body temperature rose up to 39,7°C and varied from 39,0°C to 39,8°C. Name the type of the patient's temperature profile?
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Up to 50% of world population aged above thirty is affected by paradontosis. The leading part in pathogenesis of this disease is played by:
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A parient with hemorrhage from the lacerated wound in the angle of his mouth was delivered to the accident ward. What artery was injured?
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A patient with a craniocerebral trauma has respiratory standstill. What part of cerebrum is most likely to be damaged?
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A patient was diagnosed with a radicular cyst that had invaded nasal cavity. What tooth is most probably affected?
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A patient with acute poisoning with morphine was delivered to the hospital ward. What specific antagonist of narcotic analgesics is to be applied in this case?
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Helminthological examination of patient's feces revealed oval brown eggs with tuberous external membrane. Name the type of helminth:
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A 20 y.o. patient complains about morbid thirst and profuse urination (up to 10 l a day). Glucose concentration in blood is normal, urine contains no glucose. Such condition may be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:
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Autopsy of a 34 y.o. man who died from rheumatism revealed that epi-cardium surface was villous and covered with grey films that can be easily removed. After their removal the surface is edematic and plethoric. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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Examination of a 40 y.o. man ill with stenosing (without metastases) esophageal carcinoma revealed the folowing changes: atrophy of skeletal muscles and fatty tissue. His skin is sallow, epidermis is attenuated, heart has grown smaller. Myocardium and liver are brown. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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A surgeon used novocaine as an anaesthetic during surgical manipulations. 10 minutes after it the patient became pale, he got dyspnea and hypotension. What type of allergic reaction is it?
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In course of an experiment the middle part of an animal's cochlea was damaged. It resulted in disturbed perception of sound vibrations of the following frequency:
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A patient who had been suffering from a renal disease for many years died from uremia. Autopsy revealed that the kidneys were abnormally small, dense, fine-grained, light grey. What are the kidneys with such changes called?
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A patient with edemata was prescribed a K -retaining diuretic - aldosterone antagonist. What drug is it?
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