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KROK 1 Dentistry 2008 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2008 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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A 9 y.o. boy was admitted to the endocrinological department. This boy has already had several fractures of hist extremities due to bone brittlness. The function of the following endocrinal glands (gland) is disturbed:
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A student has dry mouth during exam passing. It is caused by realization of the following reflexes:
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A 5 y.o. girl has high temperature and sore throat. Objectively: soft palate edema, tonsills are covered with grey fi- lms that can be hardly removed and leave deep bleeding tissue injuries. What disease is the most probable?
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A patient was delivered to the hospital with neck injury. Examination revealed a damaged nerve located in the front part of anterior scalene muscle. What nerve is damaged?
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After a surgical procedure an experimental animal died from intense convulsions. What endocrinal glands were extracted?
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A man has an accelerated heart rate, mydriatic pupils, dry mouth. It is caused by activation of the following function regulating system:
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In order to prevent gum inflammation and to improve regeneration of epithelial periodontium cells manufacturers add to the tooth pastes one of the following vitamins:
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To subdue the fever and relieve tooth ache a patient was prescribed paracetamol. What is the action mechanism of this medication?
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Vishnevsky's technique of vagosympathet blockade lies in introduction of novocai-ne solution along the posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle above its intersection with exterior jugular vein. Within which triangle of neck is it performed?
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Dentists widely apply local anaesthesia adding adrenalin to an anaesthetic solution. What is the purpose of this method?
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A patient has deformed jaw bones. Histological examination revealed in the place of bones the growth of cellular-fibrous tumour-like tissue with primitive osteogenesis without distinct borders. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
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A hospital admitted a 9 y.o. boy with mental and physical retardation. Biochemical blood analysis revealed high content of phenylalanine. Such condition may be caused by blocking of the following enzyme:
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A patient applied to a doctor complaining about dizziness, memory impairment, periodical convulsions. It was found out that such changes were caused by a product of glutamic acid decarboxylation. What product is meant?
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A patient ill with chronic bronchitis takes a synthetic mucolytic drug that stimulates sputum thinning. What drug is it?
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After anlage of primary teeth at the beginning of the fifth month of embryogenesis some factors disturbed growth ability of dental plate behind the mentioned anlages. What serious consequence is possible?
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During an operation on account of mandibular dislocation a doctor should consider effect of a certain muscle. Its posterior fascicles draw back protruding lower jaw. What muscle is meant?
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Approach to the thyroid gland from the transversal (collar-like) access requires opening of cellular suprasternal space. It is dangerous to damage the following anatomic formation in this space:
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A patient had a cranial trauma that resulted in sight loss. What area of cerebral cortex was damaged?
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Soft palate arches were taken for bioptic examination because of suspected tumour (macroscopical examination revealed an ulcer with dense floor). Biopsy revealed necrosis of mucous membrane along with infiltration of submucous layer by lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, plasmatic cells, single neutrophils. There is also evident endo-and perivasculitis. What disease are the described changes typical for?
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A patient with closed fracture of humeral bone was bandaged with plaster. The next day the injured hand became swollen, cyanotic and cold. What disorder of peripheral blood circulation are these symptoms typical for?
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A hospital admitted a patient with complaints about abdominal swelling, diarrhea, meteorism after consumption of food rich in proteins. It is indicative of disturbed protein digestion and their intensified decaying. What substance is the product of this process in the bowels?
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A patient being treated in the burns department has suppurative complication. The pus is of bluish-green colour that is indicative of infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. What factor is typical for this causative agent?
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Study of a tubular organ revealed that its median membrane consists of solid hyaline rings. What epithelium lines mucous membrane of this organ?
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Examination of a patient revealed change of secretory function of a parotid gland. It is connected with disturbance of its vegetative innervation. What ganglion of vegetative nervous system gives postganglionic parasympathetic fibers for it?
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A 28 y.o. patient was diagnosed with acute inflammation of mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct. It is known from his anamnesis that he was having nasal discharges for 10 days after he had recovered from flu. From which part of nasal cavity could the infection have penetrated into the nasolacrimal duct?
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Hepatic disfunctions accompanied by insufficient inflow of bile to the bowels result in coagulation failure. This phenomenon can be explained by:
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During morphological examination of pulp floor three zones can be clearly differentiated: the one of softened dentin, sclerotic dentin, replacing dentin. What stage of caries are these changes typical for?
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A 2 y.o. child has catarrhal effects and skin eruption. A doctor suspected scarlet fever. The child was injected intracutaneously with some serum to the erythrogenic streptococcus toxin, on the spot of injection the eruption disappeared. What do the reaction results mean?
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A student applied to a doctor and asked him to prescribe a drug for treatment of allergic rhinitis he fell ill with during linden flowering. What drug can be applied?
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Examination of a 10 y.o. child revealed on the alveolar submandibular process a fixed tumourous mass 1,5 cm in diameter closing premolar crown on the vestibular side. Mucous membrane of its surface is reddish-brown, it bleeds as a reaction to a slight mechanical intervention. Biopsy results: the mass consists of small size vessels separated by thin layers of connective tissue and infiltrated by plasmocytes, mucous membrane is here and there ulcered. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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A newborn child gains weight very slowly, his urine contains too much orotic acid that is indicative of disturbed synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. What metabolite should be used in order to normalize metabolism?
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Examination of a tooth revealed a large cavity in its crown. The floor of this cavity is formed by a thin layer of softened dentin that separates this cavity from the pulp. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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A patient has a right-sided fracture and a hemorrhage (haematoma) in the area of anterior third of his lower jaw, loss of skin sensitivity in the area of his chin. What nerve was damaged?
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Examination of a patient revealed enlargement of some body parts (jaw, nose, ears, feet, hands), but body proportions were conserved. It might be caused by intensified secretion of the following hormone:
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Macroscopic examination of lung tissue revealed areas of high airiness with small bubbles. histological examination revealed thinning and rupture of alveolar septa accompanied by formation of large diversiform cavities. What disease was revealed in a lung?
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A pregnant woman applied to a doctor with complaints typical for toxoplasmosis. The doctor took a sample of her blood. What serological tests should be performed in this case?
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A sportsman has to improve his sport results. He was recommended to take a preparation containing carnitine. What process is activated by this compound to the greatest extent?
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After the mouth is closed and teeth are clenched the mouth begins to open reflectory. This reflex is initiated by the following receptors:
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Histological examination of periapi- cal tissue taken from a patient who has been suffering from chronic periodontitis for a long time revealed a granulation tissue interlaced by taeniae of squamous cell epithelium and encircled within a fibrous capsule. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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A dentist was examining a patient and noticed excessive salivation. The dentist applied a medication inducing dryness of oral cavity. What medication is it?
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