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KROK 1 Dentistry 2009 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2009 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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Examination of a man revealed a protozoan disease that affected brain and caused vision loss. Blood analysis revealed unicellular half-moon-shaped organisms with pointed end. The causative agent of this disease is:
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A mountain climber spent a long time in the mountains. Erythrocyte number has risen from 5,0 × 1012/l up to 6,0 × 1012/l. What factor stimulated erythropoiesis?
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Examination of a patient 24 hours after appendectomy revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis with regenerative shift. What is the most probable mechanism of development of absolute leukocytosis in peripheral blood?
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After a road accident a driver has got deformity in the midle third of his left shin and intense pain, especially when he tries to move his left shin. The ends of a trihedral bone stick out of a wound, there is great blood loss. What bone might be damaged?
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A patient was admitted to a hospital with poisoning with unsound food. His stomach was lavaged with solution of potassium permanganate. What is its mechanism of action?
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A 35-year-old man got a trauma that resulted in complete rupture of spinal cord at a level of the first cervical segment. What changes of respiration will be observed?
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Examination of a tissue sample of enlarged cervical lymph nodes taken from a young woman revealed proliferation of lymphocytes, reticular cells, macrophages, big and small Hodgkin's cells, multinuclear Sternberg-Reed cells. There were also multiple eosinophils, single foci of caseous necrosis of the node tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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A 7-year-old child has angina. A smear from the tonsil surface was inoculated on blood agar. 24 hours later there had grown colonies of streptococci. Nutrient medium turned transparent around them. This study revealed presence of the following pathogenous factor:
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A married couple applied to the genetic consultation in order to consult about their child with multiple abnormalities (microcephaly, idiocy etc). The woman has had an illnesses during her pregnancy but she didn't take any teratogens or mutagens. The parents' and the child's karyotype is normal. Anamnesis study revealed that the family kept a cat. What gravidic disease caused the child's abnormalities?
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What factor may cause increase of power inputs of human organism by 100%?
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A patient suffering from chronic myeloleukemia has got the following symptoms of anemia: decreased number of erythrocytes and low haemoglobin concentration, oxyphilic and polychromatophilic normocytes, microcytes. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of anemia development?
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A histological specimen presents the tissue that contains cells having no processes and a few tens of nuclei each. One of cell surfaces has a corrugated zone that provides secretion of hydrolytic elements. What tissue is it?
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A patient complained about ear noise and pain sensations. Objectively: the patient has acute respiratory disease, rhinitis. The infection penetrated into the tympanic cavity through the following opening of the pharynx:
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During an experiment the median part of an animal's cochlea was damaged. This resulted in impaired perception of acoustic vibrations of the following frequency:
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Microscopical study of discharges from urethra of a patient suffering from acute urethritis revealed bean-shaped microorganisms up to 1 micrometer in diameter arranged in pairs and placed inside the leukocytes. What microorganisms are these?
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Hurtnup's disease is caused by point mutation of only one gene. This results in abnormal absorption of tryptophane in the intestine as well as its abnormal reabsorption in renal tubules. This causes synchronous disorders in digestive and urinary excretion systems. What genetic phenomenon is observed in this case?
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A patient has mental retardation, small height, brachydactyly, mongoloid slant. Analysys of his karyotype revealed trisomy 21. What chromosomal anomaly is it?
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A 40-year-old European works in a Southeast Asian country. He complains that it is hard to bear high temperature under conditions of high relative humidity. The reason for it is difficult heat emission by way of:
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Autopsy of a dead patient revealed that pia mater was dull, there were greenish-yellow overlays covering almost all convexital surface of cerebral hemispheres. Histological examination revealed extreme hyperemia of maters along with diffuse leukocytic infiltration. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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Potassium cyanide that is a poison came into a patient's organism and caused death a few minutes after it. The most probable cause of its toxic effect was abnormal activity of:
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A 3 month old infant has got a white deposition on the mucous membrane of his mouth, tongue and lips. The doctor suspected candidosis. What nutrient medium should be used for inoculation of the material under examination in order to confirm this diagnosis?
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A man got poisoned with mushrooms. They contain muscarine that stimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors. What symptom is typical for poisoning with inedible mushrooms?
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A patient with fracture of femoral bone in the area of surgical neck got symptoms of acute dextroventricular insufficiency as a result of pulmonary embolism. What type of embolism is it?
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A patient with Itsenko-Cushing syndrome has persistent hyperglycemia and glycosuria, hypertension, osteoporosis, obesity. Increased synthesis and hypersecretion of the following hormone will be observed in this case:
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A female patient has symptoms of inflammation of urogenital tracts. A smear from the vaginal mucous membrane contained big unicellular pyriform organisms with a sharp spike on the back end of their bodies; big nucleus and undulating membrane. What protozoa were revealed in the smear?
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Examination of a patient who has recently had a hepatic disease revealed low concentration of prothrombin in blood. First of all this will cause disturbance of:
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Examination of puncture biopsy material of liver revealed dystrophy of hepatocytes, their necrosis and sclerosis along with disturbance of beam and lobulous structure and formation of pseudolobules of regeneration nodes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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Abnormal chromosome disjunction during meiosis resulted in formation of: an ovum with 22 autosomes and polar body with 24 chromosomes. If such an ovum would be fertilized with a normal spermatozoon (22 X) the child might have the following syndrome:
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Specific prophylaxis involved application of a vaccine containing microorganisms and exotoxin detoxicated by formalin. It relates to the following type of vaccine:
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A patient suffering from syphilis was prescribed a drug the action of which based upon disturbed generation of murein leading to death of the causati- ve agent. What drug is it?
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A patient has dislocation of his mandible that caused impairment of salivation and gustatory sensitivity of anterior 2/3 of his tongue. What nerve was damaged?
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A patient was delivered to the admission ward with poisoning with an insecticide of anticholinesterase action. What drug able to block muscarinic choli-noreceptors should be prescribed?
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Analysis of an electron diffraction pattern of a cell revealed mitochondrion destruction. This might result in abnormal course of the following cell process:
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Researchers studied speed of excitement conduction in different areas of an isolated heart. Which area demonstrated the lowest speed?
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A 6-year-old child was delivered to the hospital because of measles pneumonia. On the mucous membrane of a cheek a dentist revealed an ill-defined greish area 2x2,5 cm large. Soft tissues are edematic and foul-smelling. The most probable diagnosis of the dentist should be:
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A patient underwent Caesarean section. During the operation a long incision was made in the uterus wall and the fetus was extracted from uterus. Healing of the sutured myometrium will proceed in the following way:
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A 70-year-old patient suffering from cardiac insufficiency has been uncontrolledly taking digoxin that resulted in extrasystole, vomiting, vision impairment, anxiety, sleep disturbance, reduction of diuresis. Application of drugs relating to the following group will be pathogenetically reasonable in this case:
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A patient suffering from chronic bronchitis takes a synthetic mucolytic drug that stimulates sputum liquefaction. What drug is it?
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A 40-year-old male patient died from cerebral edema. In anamnesis the face carbuncle was registered. Autopsy revealed hyperemia and edema of cerebral tissue. White matter of the left hemisphere had two cavities 6x5,5 and 5x4,5 cm large filled with yellowish-green cream-like fluid. Walls of the cavities were built up by nerve tissue with irregular rands. What complication of carbuncle was it?
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A 15-year-old girl was delivered to the hospital with inflammation of vermiform appendix. Blood analysis revealed signs of anaemia. Her feces contained lemon-shaped helminthic eggs (50x30 micrometer) with "plugs" on the poles. What type of helminth is it?
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