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KROK 1 Dentistry 2009 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2009 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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Formation of ribosome subunits in a cell was disturbed in course of an experiment (by means of activated mutagenic factors). This will have an effect on the following metabolic process:
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A patient who takes blocker of membrane cytoreceptors of efferent conductor synapses of autonomic nervous system complains about dry mouth. What receptors are blocked?
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A patient has deformation of jaw bones. Histological examination revealed there growth of fibrocellular tumourlike ill-defined tissue with primitive osteogenesis. What disease are these presentations typical for?
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Rheography of an 18-year-old student during exercise showed redistribution of blood flow between organs. The peak blood flow will be observed in the following vessels:
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A patient suffering from hepatocerebral degeneration has low cncentration of ceruloplasmin in blood serum. What element accumulation will be observed in liver, cerebrum and kidneys of the patient?
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A microspecimen of parotid gland presents secretory acines with serous cells that synthesize mostly enzymes. According to the chemical composition classification, the parotid gland relates to the following glands:
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A dentist was examining oral cavity of a 9-year-old child in the buccal surface of gingiva in the area of the lower canine he revealed a red, soft, node-like formation 1 cm in diameter that started immediately bleeding when touched. Microscopical examination revealed that this formation consisted of many small vessels like venules and capillaries separated by thin layers of connective tissue, with focal infiltration by lymphoid and plasmatic cells. Such changes are typical for:
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Prophylactic medical examination of a 7-year-old boy revealed that the boy had Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (only boys can be affected). His parents are healthy but his grandfather by his mother's side has the same diagnosis. What is the type of disease inheritance?
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Among public catering workers examined by doctors of sanitary-and-epidemiologic station often occur asymptomatic parasite carriers. This means that a healthy person carries cysts that infect other people. Such parasitizing is impossible for the following causative agent:
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A student has dry mouth during an exam. This is caused by realization of the following reflexes:
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A 55-year-old man had been suffering from chronic glomerulonephritis. He died from chronic renal failure. Macroscopi-cal examination revealed on the surface of epicardium and pericardium some greyish-white villous depositions. After their removal dilated and plethoric vessels were uncovered. What process took place in the pericardium?
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Microscopical examination of exudate obtained from a rat with aseptic peritoni- tis and mixed with bird's erythrocytes revealed macrophages surrounded by foreign erythrocytes. What stage of phagocytosis is it?
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Electron-microscope investigation of cortical substance of a kidney reveals some structures lined with prismatic epithelium that normally has brush border and deep plicae of plasmolemma in its basal part. There is a big number of mi-tochondrions between these plicae. These structures belong to the following part of a nephron:
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After mouth opening the mouth closed reflectory. What receptors initiate this reflex?
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In the surgical department of a dental clinic cases of hospital-acquired staphylococcal infection were registered which was caused by strains with multiple drug resistance. Such feature can be identified by presence of:
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Endoscopic examination of duodenum revealed a tumour of the major papilla. This pathological formation is localized in the following part of duodenum:
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It is known that information about sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule is encoded as a sequence of four types of nucleotides in a DNA molecule, and different amino acids are encoded by different number of triplets - from one to six. Such peculiarity of the genetic code is called:
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A child has abnormal formation of tooth enamel and dentin as a result of low concentration of calcium ions in blood. Such abnormalities might be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:
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Autopsy of a 68-year-old man who died from chronic cardiac insufficiency revealed deformed, thickened, conjoined cusps of mitral valve. Along the edge of joining there were small (1-2 mm) thrombs. What form of endocarditis caused development of chronic cardiac insufficiency?
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On the 2nd day after myocardium infarction the patient's systolic arterial pressure abruptly dropped down to 60 mm Hg. This was accompanied by tachycardia up to 140 bpm, dyspnea, loss of consciousness. What is the leading mechanism in the pathogenesis of this shock?
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Intralobular capillaries of a liver specimen have wide irregular lumen. Basal membrane is absent in the major part of the capillary. What type of capillaries is it?
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After continuous treatment with antibiotics a patient got symptoms of stomatitis. Examination of specimens of oral mucous membrane revealed some oval polymorphous Gram-positive microorganisms arranged in clusters. What microorganism may be the cause of such manifestations?
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Roentgenological examination of a patient revealed a deformity of the inferior wall of the right eye socket. What paranasal sinus was most probably damaged?
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Autopsy revealed that the upper lobe of the right lung was enlarged, grey, airless; surface of incision was dripping with turbid liquid; pleura had a lot of fibrinous plicae. Microscopical examination of alveoles revealed exudate containing neutrophils, desquamated alveolocytes and fibrin fibres. Bronchus wall was intact. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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A patient suffering from caries of the left inferior premolar has got a swelling on his neck above the hyoid bone. There appeared fever, salivary discharge, contraction of masticatory muscles, difficult mouth opening. The patient was diagnosed with phlegmon of mouth floor. What muscles will be involved in the process?
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ECG of a patient showed that RR interval equaled 1,5 s, heart rate equaled 40 bpm. What is cardiac pacemaker?
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A 42-year-old patient who had been suffering from chronic granulomatous periodontitis and chronic purulent osteomyelitis of his lower jaw for 8 years died from chronic renal insufficiency. What complication of purulent osteomyelitis has developed in kidneys?
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A 35-year-old patient complains about permanent thirst, poor appetite. He drinks 9 l water per day. Daily diuresis is increased, urine is colourless, its relative density is 1,005. The most probable cause of this pathology development is damege of:
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In order to speed up healing of the thermal injury it is required to prescribe a drug that facilitates epithelization of skin and mucous membranes. What drug is it?
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After mouth closing and teeth clenching the mouth opens reflectory. What receptots initiate this reflex?
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During examination a dentist revealed cervical caries of right inferior incisors as well as enlargement of a certain group of lymph nodes. What lymph nodes are enlarged?
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Examination of mountain climbers who have spent a long time in a high-altitude region revealed increase of erythrocyte number (over 6 × 1012/l) and haemoglobin concentration (over 170 g/l). What mechanism caused this phenomenon?
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Vagosympathetic Vishnevsky's block involves introduction of novocaine along the posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle above its intersection with exterior jugular vein. The block is performed within the following triangle of neck:
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A patient has hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Such changes might be caused by hyposecretion of the following hormone:
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A 5-year-old child has the following symptoms: body temperature up to 40°C, acute headache, vomiting, anxiety, shiver. 4 days later there appeared hemorrhagic skin rash, oliguria and adrenal insufficiency that caused death. Bacteriological examination of pharyngeal smears revealed meningococcus. What form of meningococcal infection was it?
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A patient with disfunction of external respiration has to undergo tracheotomy. The isthmus of thyroid gland is commonly situated on a level with the following tracheal rings:
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A patient with ventricular arrhythmia was admitted to the cardiological department. What drug should be administered?
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Examination of a female patient revealed low activity of lipoprotein lipase which hydrolyzes chylomicron triglycerides on the surface of endothelium of adipose tissue capillaries. What biochemical disorders should be expected?
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Examination of a tubular organ revealed that its middle membrane consisted of solid hyaline rings. What epithelium lines mucous membrane of this organ?
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A 60-year-old patient complains of tongue burning, excessive salivation and glossalgia effects that came 5 days after he started using a metal dental bridge. Objectively: mucous membrane of oral cavity is edematic and hyperemic. What form of stomatitis is it?
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