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KROK 1 Dentistry 2009 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2009 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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During approach to the thyroid gland by means of transverse section suprasternal cellular tissue space should be opened. It will be dangerous to damage the following anatomic formation located within this space:
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Tissue is being stimulated by electric cathodic impulse with amplitude of 70% of threshold. What changes of membrane potential will be observed?
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A 75-year-old male patient consulted a surgeon about a brown nonhealing ulcer of shin. Examination of biopsy material revealed diffuse growth of polymorphic atypic cells with brown pigment in their cytoplasm. Pearls reaction was negative. There were also a lot of pathological mitoses and foci of tissue necrosis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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Active physical work induces rise of concentration of carbonic acid in blood. This causes deepening and acceleration of respiration thus reducing concentration of carbonic acid and hydrogen ions in blood. This maintains the following process:
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After restoration of blood circulation in damaged tissue accumulation of lactate comes to a stop and speed of glucose consumption slows down. These metabolic changes are caused by activation of the following process:
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A child has physical and mental retardation, serious abnormalities in connective tissue of internal organs; urine contains keratan sulfates. This is caused by metabolic disorder of the following substance:
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What method should be applied for sterilization of heatproof and moi-stureproof stomatological instruments in order to ensure total destruction of vi- ruses, vegetative and spore forms of microorganisms?
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A patient underwent extraction of a tooth with oval crown and two tubercles on its masticatory surface. Its root is strongly flattened in mesiodistal direction, its apex is bifurcated. What tooth was extracted?
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A female patient with pyelonephritis was admitted to the urological department. Examination revealed an associated infection accompanied by pyelovenous reflux. This complication was induced by affection of the following structure:
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Analysis of a patient's saliva revealed high concentration of lactate. This is most probably caused by activation of the following process:
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Autopsy of a man who had been suffering from hypertension revealed in his brain a cavity with rubiginous walls. What event preceded development of these changes?
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Pathological process of purulent barotitis involves an artery on the anterior wall of tympanic cavity. What artery is it?
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Researches of the latest decades established that immediate "executors"of cell apoptosis are special enzymes called caspases. Generation of one of them proceeds with participation of cytochrome. What is its function in a normal cell?
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A 40-year-old female patient has enlarged thyroid gland. On palpation the gland is dense, its surface is slightly tuberous. Histological examination of gland sample revealed diffuse infiltration of tissue by the cells, formation of lymphoid follicles. What disease is it?
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A female patient was admitted to the hospital with pleuritis. Which area of pleural cavity contains most exudate?
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Analysis of a dentist's urine obtained at the end of his working day revealed protein concentration at the rate of 0,7 g/l. His morning urine hadn't such changes. What is this phenomenon called?
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A 27-year-old patient consulted a doctor about a solid tumour in front of the antilobium. During removal of this tumour a dental surgeon revealed a vein. What vein is localized in this area?
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A patient diagnosed with malignant carcinoid has extremely high concentration of serotonin in blood. This biogenic amine can be formed from the following amino acid:
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Medical examination of the first-year pupils included Mantoux test. 15 pupils out of 35 had negative reaction. What actions should be taken against children with negative reaction?
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A 34-year-old male patient cosulted a doctor about face carbuncle. Objectively: a loose, painless edema of hypodermic tissue; black crust in the centre of carbuncle, vesicular rash around it. Microbiological examination revealed static streptobacilli capable of capsule building. What microorganisms are the causative agents of this disease?
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A patient with essential hypertension was admitted to the cardiological department. In order to lower arterial pressure a doctor prescribed a drug that blocks pi and α-adrenoreceptors. What drug is it?
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A 30-year-old woman has been continuously using lipstick with a fluorescent substance that led to development of a limited erythema on the prolabium, slight peeling, and later small transversal sulci and fissures. Microscopical examination of the affected zone revealed in the connective tissue sensibilized lymphocytes and macrophages, effects of cytolysis. What type of immunological hypersensitivity has developed on the lip?
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A 10 month old child has high excitability, sleep disturbance, amyotonia, retarded dentition, teeth erupt with inadequate enamel calcification. These changes are caused by deficiency of the following vitamin:
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As a result of a trauma a patient has got disfunction of lachrymal gland. What nerve is responsible for its secretion?
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A 24-year-old patient consulted a doctor about pain below his lower jaw on the right. Dental surgeon revealed a concrement in the submandibular gland. During its removal he had to prevent bleeding out of the following artery:
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As a result of improper feeding an infant got full-blown diarrhea. One of its main consequences is excretion of large amount of sodium bicarbonate. What form of acid-base balance disturbance is it?
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On a certain territory mass death of rodents was registered. It was suspected that their death might have been caused by plague. What serological reaction should be applied for quick identification of antigen of the causative agent of this epizooty?
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A 38-year-old patient complained that after acute respiratory viral disease she had lost sensation of food contact with the front 2/3 of her tongue as well as pain and temperature sensation (burned her tongue with hot tea). Which nerve and which branch of it was damaged?
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A patient with myocardium infarction was delivered to the resuscitation department. What drug should be injected to the patient for prophylaxis of pain shock?
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A patient suffering from essential arterial hypertension got hypertensic crisis that caused an attack of cardiac asthma. What is the leading mechanism of cardiac insufficiency in this case?
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Examination of nasal cavity revealed deviation of the posterior part of nasal septum. What bone is affected?
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Pathological material taken from a patient suffering from pulpitis was inoculated onto Kitt-Tarozzi cultural medium. It is planned to find the following microorganisms:
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Study of a patient's facial gesture revealed that he couldn't whistle, round his lips; mouth corners didn't rise during laughing, oral fissure stretched sidewards (transversal smile). These symptoms indicate the atrophy of the following muscle:
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A patient suffering from chronic renal insufficiency has got osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was caused by abnormal synthesis of the following regulator of mineral metabolism in kidneys:
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A 10-year-old child underwent Mantoux test (with tuberculin). 48 hours later there apperaed a papule up to 8 mm in diameter on the site of tuberculin injection. Tuberculin injection caused the following hypersensitivity reaction:
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Microscopical examination of coronary artery of a 53-year-old dead man revealed luminal narrowing of the vessel because of fibrous plaque mixed with lipides. The most probable form of atherosclerosis is:
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A patient with myocardium infarction was admitted to the resuscitation department. What drug should be injected to the patient in order to prevent thrombosis?
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A patient who has been taking a certain drug for a long time cannot discontinue the use of it because this causes psychic and somatic disfunctions. The syndrome occuring at refraining from the use of a drug is called:
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During embryogenesis the epithelial band also known as vestibular plate gives rise to development of vestibule of mouth. What biological mechanism of the programmed death of cells provides growth of buccolabial sulcus from epithelial plate?
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The 16th tooth of a patient is missing. X-ray picture shows in the depth of alveolar process rarefaction of bone and a well-defined cavity that contained the underdeveloped tooth crown. Microscopical examination revealed that the cavity wall was lined with stratified squamous epithelium and enclosed within a fibrous capsule. Make a diagnosis:
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