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KROK 1 Dentistry 2011 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2011 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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In order to administer general healthimproving therapy a parodontist intends to study factors of nonspecific resistance of saliva and mucous secretion. Which of the following factors of nonspecific resistance should be studied in the first line?
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Purulent discharges of a patient with a mandibulofacial phlegmon contain spheroid microorganisms making S-shaped colonies with golden pigment that produce lecithinase, plasmocoagulase, hemolysin and decompose mannitol under anaerobic conditions. Specify the kind of microorganisms that had caused the suppuration:
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A patient of oral surgery department has developed a purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound discharge allowed to isolate a culture producing a blue-and-green pigment. Which of the listed microorganisms may be a causative agent of the infection?
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HIV has gp41 and gp120 on its surface interacts with target cells of an organism. Which of the following human lymphocyte antigens is gp120 complementary bound with?
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Before a tooth extraction a 48-year-old female patient received an injection of diazepam. Anxiolytic effect of this drug can be explained by:
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A 65-year-old patient with chronic heart failure has been taking digitoxin in self-administered dosages for a long time. She was admitted to the hospital for general health aggravation, arrhythmia, nausea, reduced diuresis, insomnia. What is the primary action to be taken?
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In order to reduce salivation before a stomatological procedure a dentist gave his patient 10 drops of 0,1% solution of atropine sulfate perorally. 30 minutes later the patient started complaining of acute pain in the eyeballs, misty vision, headache, palpitation. These symptoms were eliminated by means of the following drug:
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A 20-year-old patient complains of morbid thirst and huperdiuresis (up to 10 l daily). Glucose concentration in blood is normal but it is absent in urine. The patient has been diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. What hormonal drug is the most appropriate for management of this disorder?
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A patient diagnosed with acute pancreatitis was admitted to the surgical department. Which drug administration would be pathogenetically grounded?
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A patient with essential hypertension has been prescribed captopril. What is its mechanism of action?
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A patient with bronchial asthma has been administered inhalations of 0,5% isadrin solution. This helped to relieve bronchiospasms but the patient started complaining of heart pain and palpitation. What is the cause of these presentations?
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Before the infiltration anaesthesia a patient had been tested for sensitivity to novocaine. The reaction turned out to be positive. Which of the below listed drugs can be used for anaesthetization in this case?
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During examination of first-grade pupils a dentist revealed that one child had brown-yellow teeth and two split teeth. According to the child, previously he had been treated for pneumonia with "some"pills. What drug might have had such a negative impact on teeth?
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A nurse accidentally injected a nearly double dose of insulin to a patient with diabetes mellitus. The patient lapsed into a hypoglycemic coma. What drug should be injected in order to help him out of coma?
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A patient who has been taking tetracycline for a long time has developed candidosis of mucous membranes. What drug shoul administered for its treatment?
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A male patient waiting for tooth extraction has developed a strong sense of anxiety. Which drug should be given to him in order to relieve him of this discomfort?
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During a visit to a dentist a patient has developed collapse. What drug can be applied to manage this situation?
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A patient with herpetic stomatitis was prescribed acyclovir for topical application. What is its mechanism of action?
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An infectious patient manifests sensibilization to penicillin. Which of the following antibiotics is the safest to be applied in this case?
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Among the specific hypocholesterolemic drugs the most effective are those blocking the synthesis of endogenic cholesterol in liver. Which of the below listed drugs has such mechanism of hypocholesterolemic action?
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A patient consulted a dentist about the temporomandibular joint arthritis. The dentist administered an ointment containing diclofenac sodium. What is its mechanism of action?
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While examining a blood smear taken form a patient and stained by Romanovsky's method a doctor revealed some protozoa and diagnozed the patient with Chagas disease. What protozoan is the causative agent of this disease?
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A child suspected for tuberculosis underwent Mantoux test. 24 hours after allergen injection there appeared a swelling, hyperaemia and tenderness. What are the main components in the development of this reaction?
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Dwellers of a village noticed mass mortality of rats in some farms. It was suspected that the animals might have died from plague. What postmortal analyzes should be conduced in order to establish the causative agent of the infection as soon as possible?
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Children often have laboured nasal breathing which is caused by overdevelopment of lymphoid tissue of the pharyngeal mucous membrane. This phenomenon may cause enlargement of the following tonsils:
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A 26-year-old patient was found to have a big furuncle of soft tissues of face by the root of nose and inferior eyelid. This disease can be seriously complicated by the infection spreading along veins of this region to the sinuses of dura brain mater. What sinus is most likely to be affected?
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After inoculation of feces sample into the 1% alkaline peptonic water and 8-hour incubation in the thermostat at a temperature of 37°C a culture in form of a tender bluish film has grown. Such cultural properties are typical for the causative agent of the following disease:
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While under barbituric anaesthesia a 65-year-old male patient developed respiratory inhibition. Anesthesiologist made him a 10 ml intravenous injection of 0,5% bemegride solution. The patient's condition got better, the pulmonary ventilation volume increased. What phenomenon underlies the interaction of these medi-vcations?
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A cell has been treated with a substance that blocks nucleotide phosphorilation in the mitochondrions. What process of cell activity will be disturbed in the first place?
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A patient sufferinf from glomerulonephritis was found to have anasarca, AP of 185/105 mm Hg, anaemia, leukocytosis, hyperazotemia, hypoproteinemia. What factor indicates that glomerulonephritis has been complicated by the nephrotic syndrome?
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Depressions and emotional disorders result from noradrenaline, serotonin and other biogenic amines deficiency in brain. Concentration of these compounds in synapses can be increased by means of antidepressants that inhibit the activity of the following enzyme:
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A 60-year-old patient consulted a doctor about retrosternal pain arising immediately after physical exercise. He was prescribed nitroglycerin. The medication relieved retrosternal pain but the patient got acute headache. What is the likely mechanism of this side effect?
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According to the phenotypic diagnosis a female patient has been provisionally diagnosed with X-chromosome polysomia. This diagnosis can be confirmed by a cytogenetic method. What karyotype will allow to confirm the diagnosis?
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A patient who has been treated for viral hepatitis B developed symptoms of hepatic insufficiency. What changes indicating disorder in protein metabolism are likely to be observed in this case?
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As a result of a chest trauma the costal cartilage was damaged. The cartilage regenerates due to the following layer of perichondrium:
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There is a strict time limit for people to stay at a height of 8000 m above sea level without oxigen cyllinders. Specify the life-limiting factor in this case:
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A 1,7-year-old child with a developmental delay and manifestations of self-agression has the concentration of uric acid in blood at the rate of 1,96 mi-llimole/l. What metabolic disoder is this typical for?
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Curarelike substances (dithylinum) make it impossible for skeletal muscles to contract because they block:
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A cell with vitamin E deficit had been affected by ionizing radiation. This induced an intensified release of hydrolytic enzymes into the cytoplasm and thus a complete destruction of intracellular structures - autolysis. What organellas caused this phenomenon?
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A patient diagnosed with morphinism has been admitted to the narcological department. A doctor noted a decrease in pharmacological activity of morphine. Repetitive use of a drug may result in tolerance to its effect, and this phenomenon is called:
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