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KROK 1 Dentistry 2011 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2011 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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Examination of a 45-year-old man who had kept to a vegeterian diet for a long time revealed negative nitrogen balance. Which peculiarity of his diet is the cause of this phenomenon?
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After prolonged exercising people usually experience intense muscle pain. What is its most likely cause?
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A 2-day-old baby has yellowish skin and mucous membranes. This might be caused by the temporary lack of the following enzyme:
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In the third period of fever a patient had a critical body temperature drop accompanied by tachycardia and arterial pressure drop down to 80/60 mm Hg. Specify a type of collapse developed as a result od these changes:
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A 29-year-old patient was delivered to a hospital because of intoxication with carbon monoxide. Objectively: the patient presents with symptoms of severe hypoxia - evident dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia. What compound is produced as a result of intoxication with carbon monooxide?
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A patient with diabetes mellitus lapsed into diabetic coma as a result of acid-base disbalance. Specify the type of disbalance:
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A 25-year-old patient has been diagnosed with chronic hepatitis. The patient complains of 10 kg weight loss within 2 months. Objectively: the patient has dry peeling skin, pale with yellow shade, petechial hemorrhages, stomatorrhagia. Petechial hemorrhages and stomatorrhagia are caused by the disturbance of the following hepatic function:
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A patient with a trigeminus inflammation has been suffering from progressing periodontitis for the last few years. What is the leading factor in the periodontitis development in this case?
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A patient with a history of chronic glomerulonephritis presents with azotemia, oliguria, hypo- and isosthenuria, proteinuria. What is the leading factor in the pathogenesis of these symptoms development under chronic renal failure?
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A 29-year-old female patient has moon face, upper body obesity, striae on her anterior abdominal wall, hirsutism; urine shows an increased rate of 17-oxy ketosteroids. What disease are these presentations typical for?
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A patient has a first-degree atrioventricular block accompanied by the prolongation of P-Q interval up to 0,25 s. Under such conditions the following myocardial function will be disturbed:
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In course of parallel experiments some rats were being subjected to continuous direct solar irradiation and some were being irradiated while placed into a glass box. The animals that received a doze of direct irradiation got tumours on parts of their skin not coated with hair. This phenomenon is associated with the influence of the following factor:
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In the focus of inflammation the vessels of microvasculature exhibit an increased permeability and hydrodynamic pressure rise. Inter-tissue fluid has an increase in osmotic concentration and di-spersity of protein structures. What type of edema will develop in this case?
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After an attack of bronchial asthma a patient had his peripheral blood tested. What changes can be expected?
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After the traumatic tooth extraction a patient is complaining of acute, dull, poorly-localized pain in gingiva, body temperature rise up to 37,5°C. The patient has been diagnosed with alveolitis. Specify the kind of pain in this patient:
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A teenger had his tooth extracted under novocain anaesthesia. 10 minutes later he presented with skin pallor, dyspnea, hypotension. When this reaction is developed and the allergen achieves tissue basophils, it reacts with:
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A 50-year-old patient suffers from essential hypertension. After a physical stress he experienced muscle weakness, breathlessness, cyanosis of lips, skin and face. Respiration was accompanied by distinctly heard bubbling rales. What mechanism underlies the development of this syndrome?
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In course of an experiment a white rat was being stimulated with a stress factor (electric current). The researchers could observe muscle hypononia, arterial hypotension, hypothermia. What period of general adaptation syndrome is it?
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A 50-year-old male patient suffers from chronic bronchitis, complains about dyspnea during physical activity, sustained cough with sputum. After examination he was diagnosed with pulmonary emphysema. This complication is caused by:
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A patient with obliterating endarteritis underwent ganglionic sympathectomy. What type of arterial hyperaemia should have developed as a result of the surgery?
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A 58-year-old female patient complains of rapid fatigability, performance decrement, sleepiness, dyspnea during fast walking. In blood: RBCs - 4,0 × 1012/l, Hb - 80 g/l, CI -0,6; alurge number of annulocytes and microcytes. What anaemia are these presentations typical for?
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Such presentations as catarrhal conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, laryngotracheobro tis, white spots on the buccal mucosa in the region of lower premolar teeth, maculopapular rash on face, body and extremities are typical for the following disease:
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A 29-year-old female patient complains of gingival hemorrhage and lower front teeth mobility she has been experiencing for the last 6 months. Objectively: the mucous membrane in the region of the front lower teeth is hyperemized, edematic, bleeds when touched. From under the gingival mucosa foul-smelling pus is discharged, tooth roots are exposed. The patient has been diagnosed with the III stage of parodonti-tis. What factor allowed to establish the stage of disease progress?
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A male patient consulted a dentist about an acute toothache. Examination revealed a carious cavity in the upper premolar on the right. The carious cavity reaches the pulp. What is the most likely caries complication causing the toothache?
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Examination of a 30-year-old man's mandible revealed in the region of his molar a dense tumour-like formation that significantly deformed the mandi- ble. Here and there the formation wasn't fully detached from the bone tissue. Microscopical examination of a tissue sampling revealed that stroma had some cords and follicles with odontogenous cylindric epithelial cells in peripheria and stellate cells resembling of the enamel oragan pulp in the centre. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A 46-year-old inveterate smoker has a white crateriform ulcer with dense edges in the right corner of mouth. Eosi-ne staining and microscopical examination revealed cords of atypical multilayer epithelium ingrowing into the adjacent tissues and making clusters. In the centre of these clusters some roundish pink concentric formations can be seen. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Autopsy of a man, who died from typhoid fever on the 5th day of disease, revealed the following changes: aggregated follicles of ileum were enlarged and plethoric; they protruded over the mucous membrane, and multiple sulci and convolutions could be seen on their surface. Histological examinatio revealed plethority and edema of tissues, presense of granulomas composed of big cells with light cytoplasm and containing typhoid bacilli. These local changes are compliant with the following period of typhoid fever:
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Autopsy of a 42-year-old man revealed a distinctly dilated lumen of small intestine filled with rice-water-like liquid. The intestine wall was edematic with lots of petechial hemorrhages on the mucosa. What infectious disease is the described enteritis typical for?
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Shortly before death a patient got an electrocardiographically based diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Autopsy revealed that the myocardial cavity contained 200 ml of liquid blood and 400 g of clots; the posterior wall of the left ventricle had a perforation up to 2 cm long. What complication of myocardial infraction is it?
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A 45-year-old female patient underwent an excision of 2,5x2 cm large tumour located in the region of submandibular salivary gland. Microscopic examination revealed that it consisted of glandular structures and contained solid epithelial complexes as well as mucoid, chondroid and myxoid foci. Specify this tumour:
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A 46-year-old female patient complaining of having alveolar hemorrhage for 6 hours after a tooth extraction, general weakness and dizziness was delivered to a hospital. The patient has a history of essential hypertension. Objectively: pale skin and mucous membranes. In blood: Hb - 80 g/l, Ht - 30%, bleeding and coagullation time is normal. What complication had been provoked by the hemorrhage?
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Autopsy of a 67-year-old man who died after presenting with hypoglycemic coma revealed some areas of connective tissue growth and necrosis foci, atrophy of Langerhans islets in pancreas. What disease might have induced such changes in pancreas?
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A 57-year-old patient experiences periodical uterine hemorrhages. Diagnostic biopsy of lining of uterus has revealed among the blood elements some glandular complexes of different forms and sizes made by atypic cells having hyperchromic nuclei with multiple mitoses (including pathological ones ). What is the most likely diagnosis?
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While examining an extracted stomach a researcher revealed that its antral part along the lesser curvature had a deep, roundish, even-edged defect up to 1,5 cm in diameter reaching the myenteron. In the defect floor one could see a dense semitransparent area resembling of a hyaline cartilage. Specify the process observed in the floor of the mucosa defect?
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10 years ago a patient underwent extraction of his right kidney on account of a tumour. After that the volume of his left tumour grew by 50%. What process was developed in the kidney?
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A removed vermiform appendix was sent for a histological analysis. The appendix was enlarged, with thickened walls and dull plethoric serous membrane covered by coagulated fibrin. After dissection some pus could be seen. Microscopical examination revealed vascular congestion, edema of all the layers and their diffuse infiltration with leukocytes. Specify the form of acute appendicitis:
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A man with a long-term history of bronchial asthma died from asphyxia. Histological examination of his lungs revealed that the lumens of bronchioles and minor bronchi contained a lot of mucus with some eosinophils. There was also sclerosis of interalveolar septa, dilatation of alveole lumens. What mechanism accounts for the development of hypersensitivity reaction?
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A veterenary attendant working at a cattle farm complains of joint pain, fever, indisposition and sweating at nighttime that he has been experiencing for a month. Giving the regard to such presentations and occupational history the doctor suspected brucellosis. What material taken from this patient is to be analyzed in a common microbiological laboratory?
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In order to establish the level of antidiphtheritic immunity in a child it was decided to use a passive hemagglutination test. This task can be completed by the sensibilization of erythrocytes by:
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The immunoblot detected gp120 protein in the blood serum. This protein is typical for the following disease:
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