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KROK 1 Dentistry 2013 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2013 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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A patient has been diagnosed with a hemorrhage in the region of the lateral sulcus of the brain. As a result, the blood flow is disturbed in the following artery:
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After starting treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis a patient complained about red tears and urine. What drug could cause such changes?
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A patient has an inflammation in the pterygopalatine fossa. The infection has spread into the nasal cavity. Which anatomical structure has the infection spread through?
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Phenylketonuria is a disease caused by a recessive gene that is localized in the autosome. The parents are heterozygous for this gene. They already have two sons with phenylketonuria and one healthy daughter. What is the probability that their fourth child will have the disease too?
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It has been revealed that intense physical exercise causes activation of gluconeogenesis in liver of experimantal rats. Which substance is glucose precursor in this case?
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Histological examination of a tissue sample revealed that the tissue had no blood vessels, and the cells were packed tightly together making layers. Specify this tissue:
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A patient complains of an increased sensitivity of the posterior third of his tongue as well as of a gustatory disturbance in this region. What nerve is damaged?
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Histological study of a microslide of human skin found only dense irregular connective tissue. Which layer of this organ was analyzed?
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After a thorough examination the patient who had returned from Central Asia to Ukraine was diagnosed with spring-summer encephalitis. Its pathogen might have entered the body through the bite of the following arthropod:
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A patient has been preliminarily diagnosed withf paragonimiasis. This disease is caused by lung flukes. The causative agent entered into the patient's body through:
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After examining the patient the doctor recommended him to eliminate rich meat and vegetable broth, spices, smoked products from the diet, since the patient was found to have:
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A patient has symptoms of atherosclerosis. What plasma lipid transport forms should have an increased concentration?
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A patient with chronic heart fai- lure had been taking digitoxin for several months, during digitalization the following symptoms developed: headache, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, impaired color vision, bradycardia. What antidote should be administered to reduce the intoxication symptoms?
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A patient presents with dysfunction of shin muscles. He cannot raise his body by standing on tiptoe. Which muscle is affected?
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As a result of an injury a child developed an abscess of adipose tissue of cheek. With time the process spread to the lateral surface of pharynx. The pus spread along the following fascia:
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Mother of a 10-year-old boy with purulent gingivitis consulted a dentist about the possibility of gingivitis treatment with fluoroquinolone drugs. The doctor gave a negative answer explaining it by the fact that fluoroquinolones:
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Some proteins of saliva have a protective function. Which of them protects the oral mucosa from the mechanical damage?
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Following treatment with a highly-efficient anti-tuberculosis drug a 48-year-old female developed optic nerve neuritis, memory impairment, cramps. Which of these anti-TB drugs had the patient taken?
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A 20-year-old male got his tongue pierced. 5 months later a dense pale pink formation appeared in the zone of puncture. Biopsy revealed growing connective tissue with focal clusters of single polymorphonuclear neutrophils, fibroblasts, foreign body cells, lymphocytes and plasmocytes. What kind of pathological process developed in the tongue tissues?
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A patient with a severe maxillofacial trauma has been delivered to the emergency department. What drug should be given this patient to relieve pain shock?
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When processing a molar tooth with a dental cutter the dentist has by accident deeply wounded the patient's cheek and damaged not only the mucosa but also a muscle. Which muscle was hurt?
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Ionizing radiation or vitamin E deficiency may increase the permeability of lysosome membranes. What consequences may arise from this pathology?
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A patient with marked manifestations of exsicosis died in the infectious disease hospital. Postmortem examination results: the corpse with contracted muscles, dry skin and mucous membranes, thick and dark blood in veins, edematous plethoric mucosa, distended bowel loops, the lumen contains about 4 liters of rice-water fluid. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Treatment of a patient with hereditary form of immunodeficiency involved gene therapy: the enzyme gene was introduced into the cells of the patient by means of a retrovirus. What property of the genetic code allows to use retroviruses as vectors of functional genes?
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Postmortem examination of a patient with a long history of rheumatism revealed thickening and shortening of the mitral valve leaflets with abundant thrombotic deposits. Histological examination of the valve leaflets confirmed sclerosis and revealed multiple foci of connective tissue disorganization in form of mucoid and fibrinoid swelling, as well as deendothelization foci. Endothelium defects were covered with thrombotic deposits of 1-2 mm. What type of valvular endocarditis is the case?
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Following the tooth extraction for acute pulpitis complicated by purulent periodontitis a patient developed osteomyelitis of mandible. 10 days later the patient died with symptoms of severe intoxication. Autopsy revealed a 2x2 cm large abscess of the right frontal lobe of brain, bilateral abscessed pneumonia, myeloid hyperplasia of spleen. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A 4-year-old girl died suddenly with symptoms of asphyxia. Autopsy revealed white spots on the buccal mucosa; large blotches of rash on the skin of face, trunk and extremities; conjunctivitis, edema with foci of necrosis on the laryngeal mucosa; giant-cell pneumonia on microscopy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A 69-year-old patient got a small plaque with subsequent ulceration on the skin of the lower eyelid. The formation was removed. Microscopic examination of dermis revealed complexes of atypical epitelial cells arranged perpendicularly to the basal membrane on the periphery. The cells were dark, of polygonal prismatic shape with hyperchromic nuclei with frequent mitoses. What is the histological form of carcinoma in this patient?
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A 65-year-old patient had been treated for 3 days in the resuscitation unit for a cardiac pathology. Suddenly he developed ventricular fibrillation which turned out to be the immediate cause of death. Microscopy of the left ventricular myocard revealed a large focus of cardiomyocyte karyolysis demarcated by the zone of hyperaemia. What cardiac pathology was the cause of death?
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Anatomical dead space is the part of air that remains in the airways after the expiration. Anatomical dead space will be reduced in the following situation:
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Microscopy of dental plaque revealed unicellular organisms. Their cytoplasm had two distinct layers, barely visible core, wide pseudopodia. The patient is most likely to have:
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A patient visited a dentist for acute dental pain in the lower left canine. He was diagnosed with pulpitis. What nerve innervates this tooth?
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After a severe stress a patient was found to have eosinopenia. A decrease in the eosinophil number can be explained by the changed concentration of the following hormones:
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In the dental practice, the vitality of tooth tissues is estimated by electric pulp test. What parameter is assessed?
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Platelet adhesion at the site of vascular injury is of great importance for the mechanisms of primary hemostasis. Which factor plays a major part in this process?
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Before an exam a student complained of acute dental pain which grew less during the exam. What inhibition caused the pain abatement?
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Continuous treatment of cancer patients with methotrexate over time reduces the target cell's sensitivity to the drug. In this case gene amplification of the following enzyme is observed:
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Analysis of biopsy material of urinary bladder mucosa revealed a tumour of epithelial origin. What kind of epithelium was the source of this tumour?
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A patient with diabetes mellitus developed ketoacidotic coma due to the acid-base disturbance. What type of disorder had arisen in this case?
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As a result of a rapid change from horizontal to vertical body position a 16-year-old girl lost consciousness. What is the reason for it?
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