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KROK 1 Dentistry 2013 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2013 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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Examination of a chemical plant worker who had had a poisoning revealed an increase in total bilirubin concentration at the expense of indirect fraction. Feces and urine are characterized by high stercobilin concentration. The level of direct bilirubin in blood plasma is normal. What type of jaundice is the case?
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After the transfusion of the concentrated red blood cells the patient developed posttransfusion shock. What is the leading mechanism of acute renal failure in this case?
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A histological specimen of mandible of an embryo shows a tooth germ with the dental papilla made up of small stellate basophilic cells. What tissue forms this part of the tooth germ?
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In order to eliminate occupational risks dental workers underwent vaccination. The vaccine should protect them from a viral infection, whose pathogen may be found in blood of dental patients who had had this infection or who are its chronic carriers. What vaccine was used?
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A patient has secretory dysfunction of the submandibular salivary galnd. Which nerve is responsible for its vegetative innervation?
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A patient complains of frequent bowel movements and stool with blood admixtures ("raspberry jelly"stool). Microscopic examination revealed large mononuclear cells with absorbed red blood cells. What protozoon is this morphological structure typical for?
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A child is 6 years old. The permanent teeth have started to take the place of the primary teeth. What teeth are the first to emerge?
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Examination of the oral mucosa revaled a small nodule with papillary surface. Histological examination revealed conjugate papillary proliferations of stratified squamous epithelium without cellular atypism and underlying stroma represented by thin-walled vessels and loose connective tissue. What formation has developed in a patient?
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A patient with mandibular osteomyelitis has been administered an antibiotic from the tetracycline group. Specify this drug:
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Histological specimen of mandible shows 10 tooth buds connected to the dental plate. Which element of tooth germ will develop out of them?
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After the extraction of the lower first premolar the patient had dentoalveolar hemorrhage. What artery did the bleeding occur from?
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Vestibular surface of the left lower incisor has a pink fungoid formation up to 2 cm large which is fixed to the supra-alveolar tissue by a wide pedicle. Histological examination revealed branched capillary vessels with multiple hemorrhages and foci of hemosiderosis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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In a bacteriological laboratory some bacterial smears had to be stained by Gram's method. For this purpose the following reagents were prepared: gentian violet, Lugol's solution, aqueous fuchsin solution. What other reagent is required?
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Wilson's disease is a disorder of copper transport which leads to the accumulation of this metal in brain and liver cells. It is associated with a disturbance in the synthesis of the following protein:
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Reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes enhances peroxidation of cell membrane lipids. The reduction of glutathione peroxidase activity is caused by the following microelement deficiency:
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A patient has wound abscess. Bacteriological examination of the wound content revealed a gram-negative bacillus which forms semi-transparent mucous colonies of blue-green colour with a pearlescent appearance on the beef-extract agar. Culture has a specific odour of violets or jasmine. What type of pathogen was isolated from the patient's wound?
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A patient is 59 years old and works as director of a private enterprise. After the inspection by tax authorities he developed intense burning retrosternal pain radiating to the left arm. After 15 minutes the patient returned to normal. What is the leading mechanism for the development of stenocardia in this patient?
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Autopsy of a young man revealed some lung cavities with inner walls made up of granulation tissue with varying degrees of maturity; pronounced pneumosclerosis and bronchiectasis. Some cavities had caseation areas. What is your presumptive diagnosis?
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A patient has herpetic conjunctivitis. What etiotropic drug should be administered?
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A woman got infected with rubella during pregnancy. The child was born with malformations, namely cleft lip and palate. The child's genotype is normal. These malformations are a manifestation of:
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During ventricular systole the muscle does not respond to additional stimulation because it is in the phase of:
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In a hot weather, the microclimate in hot rooms is often normalized by fans. At the same time heat radiation from the human body increases through:
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A patient has a history of chronic obstructive bronchitis. Blood gas analysis revealed the development of hypoxemia and hypercapnia on the background of dyspnea, tachycardia and cyanosis. What disorder of external respiration is observed in the patient?
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DNA replication occurs during the cell division when a signal is received from the cytoplasm, and a certain portion of the DNA helix is unwound and divided into two chains. The helix is unwound by the following enzyme:
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Examples of human-specific parasites are malaria plasmodium, enterobius vermicularis and some other. The source of invasion of such parasites is always a human. Such human-specific parasites cause diseases that are called:
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A patient with a pronounced icteri-tiousness of skin, sclera and mucous membranes has urine of dark beer colour and colourless feces. Direct bilirubin in blood is elevated, urine contains bilirubin. What type of jaundice is it?
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On the base of the clinical data a child was diagnosed with atypical pneumonia resistant to the effects of beta-lactam antibiotics. The patient's sputum was cultured and incubated in a special medium, which resulted in growth of microorganisms forming microscopic colonies with a dense center (looking like fried eggs). What microorganism caused the disease?
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Detection of X-chromatin in somatic cells is used for the quick diagnosis of hereditary diseases associated with a change in the sex chromosome number. Vast majority of a man's cells have three X-chromatin bodies. What is the man's karyotype?
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The surgically excised connective tissue of the deformed mitral valve gives a basophilic reaction when stained with hematoxylin and eosin. When stained with toluidine blue it turns purple (metachromasia). What changes of the connective tissue can be detected by such reactions?
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Throughout a year a 37-year-old woman periodically got infectious diseases of bacterial origin, their course was extremely lingering, remissions were short. Examination revealed low level of major classes of immunoglobulins. The direct cause of this phenomenon may be the following cell dysfunction:
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An animal had been intensively fed with carbohydrates. Histologic examination of its liver revealed a significant number of glycogen granules. Glycogen relates to the following group of cell structures:
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Nucleolus organizers of human chromosomes 13-15, 21, 22 include about 200 gene clusters that synthesize RNA. These chromosomal regions contain the information on the following type of RNA:
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A patient has the pronounced pain syndrome induced by neuralgia. What drug from the group of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs will reduce pain sensitivity?
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Steatosis is caused by accumulation of triacylglycerols in hepatocytes. One of the mechanisms of this disease is to reduce the utilization of neutral fat VLDL. What lipotropic substances prevent the steatosis development?
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Cytogenetic analysis established that the patient had the 47, XYY karyotype. The extra chromosome in the karyotype has a centromere located very close to one of the chromosome ends so that one chromosomal arm is much shorter than the other one. Such a chromosome is called:
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In course of a surgery the surgeon needs to expose spatium antescalenum. What structure forms the posterior border of this space?
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A 26-year-old woman at 40 weeks' gestation was admitted to the maternity ward. Examination revealed that the cervix was open, but uterine contractions were absent. The doctor gave her a hormonal drug to induce labor. Specify this drug:
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A patient consulted an immunologist about diarrhea, weight loss within several months, low-grade fever, enlarged lymph nodes. The doctor suspected HIV infection. What immunocompetent cells must be studied in the first place?
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A patient with arthritis and varicose veins has been taking a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug for a long time, which caused the thrombosis of cutaneous veins. Which of the listed drugs might have caused this complication?
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It is known that many hormones act through the adenylate cyclase system causing the enzyme activation by phosphorylation. What enzyme is activated by hormonal signals and catalyzes glycogen breakdown?
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