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KROK 1 Dentistry 2013 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2013 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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In the armpits of a patient the small (1-1,5 mm), dorsoventrally flattened, wingless, blood-sucking insects. Their larvae developed in the armpits too. What disease is caused by these insects?
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A student who unexpectedly met his girlfriend developed an increase in systemic arterial pressure. This pressure change was caused by the intensified realization of the following reflexes:
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After the exposure to ionizing radiation a person was found to have a decrease in blood granulocyte level. What mechanism underlies these changes?
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A patient underwent lobectomy of the right middle lobe of a lung. What segments of the lung were affected?
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A patient was taken to a hospital with dizziness, dry mouth, mydriatic pupils, accommodation disorder, tachycardia, difficult urination, intestinal atony. These symptoms might have been caused by overdose of the following drug:
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A 60-year-old man with a history of chronic intestinal obstruction has excessive protein putrefaction in the colon. What is the indicator of this process?
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An attack of tachycardia was stopped by pressing on the eyeballs. Which of the following reflexes underlies this phenomenon?
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An unconscious patient had been deli- vered to a hospital by the ambulance. Objectively: absent reflexes, occasi- onal convulsions, irregular breathing. After a laboratory examination he was diagnosed with hepatic coma. What metabolite accumulation is essential for the development of the central nervous system disorders?
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A patient of neurological department has a sensitivity loss caused by the damage to pseudounipolar neurocytes. Pseudounipolar neurons are a kind of bipolar neurons and the only place of their localization in the human body is:
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A patient has been diagnosed with sepsis. It was decided to treat him with a drug from the fluoroquinolone group. Specify this drug:
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Curarelike substances (dithylinum) make it impossible for skeletal muscles to contract because they block:
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It was established that the conduction velocity in the nerve fibers was equal to 120 m/sec. Specify these fibers:
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As a result of an injury the patient is unable to move his tongue forward and downward. Which of the following muscles is damaged?
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Inhibitory effect of GABA is due to the increased permeability of the postsynaptic membrane for chloride ions. This mediator is produced as a result of decarboxylation of the following amino acid:
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Examination of a patient revealed glycosuria and hyperglycemia. He complains of dry mouth, itchy skin, frequent urination, thirst. He has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. What is the cause of polyuria in this patient?
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During allergic rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal mucosa) the number of basophils in the connective tissue of the mucosa increases, which is accompanied by a tissue edema. This phenomenon is associated with the following function of tissue basophils:
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A patient has acute laryngotrachei-tis with nonproductive cough that is very exhaustive. Prescribe an antitussive drug:
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A 37-year-old patient has has lost 5 kg in weight over the past three months, he complains of hand tremor, excessive sweating, exophthalmos, tachycardia. These changes might have been caused by the increased secretion of the following hormone:
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Experimenters irritate the peripheral segment of the intersected sympathetic nerve of an experimental dog. Which of the following changes will be observed?
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After a person had drunk 1,5 liters of water, the amount of urine increased significantly, and its relative density decreased to 1,001. These changes are a result of decreased water reabsorption in the distal nephron portion due to reduced secretion of:
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Tooth extraction in a patient with chronic persistent hepatitis was complicated by a prolonged bleeding. What is the cause of hemorrhagic syndrome?
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A 12-year-old male patient has tetanic convulsions. Which gland function may be impaired in this case?
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A 45-year-old female patient has neurosis with irritability, insomnia, amoti-vational anxiety. What tranquilizer will be able to eliminate all symptoms of the disease?
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A patient has been prescribed the salt-free diet. What changes to the salt taste sensitivity threshold should be expected?
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Degeneration of glycogen in liver is stimulated by glucagon. What secondary messenger (mediator) is thus formed in the cell?
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A patient consulted a doctor about loss of taste at the root of tongue. The doctor established that this was due to a nerve damage. What nerve was damaged?
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Injection of an anaesthetic before the tooth extraction resulted in development of anaphylactic shock accompanied by oliguria. What pathogenetic mechanism caused a decrease in diuresis in this case?
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Survey radiograph of facial skull of a 16-year-old girl shows some hole-like foci of cranial bone destruction. Histological examination of biopsy material revealed zones of destruction of bone trabeculae, proliferation of connective tissue with diffuse histiocytic infiltrate and a large number of eosinophilic leukocytes. Diagnose the disease:
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During manipulations aimed at treatment of mandible dislocation a physician should pay particular attention to a muscle that pulls a capsule and interarticular disc of temporomandibular articulation exteriorly. What muscle is it?
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A 71-year-old man had been presenting with diarrhea for 10 days. The feces had admixtures of blood and mucus. He was delivered to a hospital in grave condition and died 2 days later. Autopsy of the body revealed the following: diphtheritic colitis with multiple irregularly-shaped ulcers of different depth in both sigmoid colon and rectus. Bacteriological analysis revealed Shigella. What was the main disease?
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Microscopy of colonic biopsy material revealed a tumour made up of prismatic epithelium and forming atypical glandular structures of various shapes and sizes. The basal membrane of glands was destroyed. Tumour cells were polymorphic, with hyperchromatic nuclei and a large number of pathological mitoses. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A physician is planning to diagnose an infectious disease by means of agglutination test. What is required for this reaction apart from the serum of a patient?
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Microscopy of a smear taken from the film that appeared on the peptone water 6 hours after seeding and culturing of a fecal sample in a thermostat revealed mobile gram-negative bacteria curved in form of a comma that didn't make spores or capsules. What microorganisms were revealed?
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A patient complains of toothache. On examination he has been diagnosed with pulpitis. Which factor played a main pathogenic role in the development of pain syndrome in this case?
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A 70-year-old man has developed prosphetic stomatitis. Apart of this he was found to have an evident lesion of mouth corners. Microscopical examination revealed large ovoid gram-positive cells. What microorganisms are most likely to be the leading etiological agent of such a lesion?
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Periodontitis induces the development of lipid peroxidation in the periodontal tissues, as well as an increase in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentration in the oral cavity. Which of the following enzymes provides antioxidant protection?
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A patient with a malignant neoplasm on the upper jaw had been administered morphine hydrochloride for analgesia. The injection induced respiratory depression, pupil constriction, cyanosis, hypothermia, loss of consciousness. What antidote must be used?
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The aim of the morphological study was to investigate an endocrine gland with parenchyma consisting of epithelium and neural tissue. In the epithelial trabeculae the study revealed two types of cells: chromophile and chromophobe. Identify this organ:
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It is known that the pentose phosphate pathway occuring in the adipocytes of adipose tissue acts as a cycle. What is the main function of this cycle in the adipose tissue?
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A patient with symptoms of acute heart failure, namely pallor, acrocyanosis and rapid shallow breathing, has been delivered to the emergency department. Which of these drugs is indicated in this case?
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