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KROK 1 Dentistry 2015 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2015 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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Inadequate treatment of middle ear inflammation (mesotympanitis) has resulted in suppurative inflammation of the cells of temporal bone mastoid process (mastoiditis). The abscess has erupted into the bed of sternocleidomastoid muscle. This pathological process is localised in the following cervical fascia:
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The patient's lower pair of mesencephalon quadrigeminal bodies has been damaged due to hemorrhage. What reflex is lost?
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A pregnant woman complains of vaginal mucosa irritation, itching and genital tracts secretion. Bacterioscopy of vaginal smears revealed large gram-positive oval oblong cells that form pseudomicelium. What is the most probable channel of infection?
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A histologic study of a red bone marrow puncture sample had been conducted in the course of examination of a 35-year-old patient, and significant megakaryocyte number depletion was detected. What peripheral blood changes will result from that?
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A 46-year-old patient consulted a doctor about pustular rash on the skin of the limbs. What antiseptic should be administered to the patient?
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Examination of the oral mucosa revaled a small nodule with papillary surface. Histological examination revealed conjugate papillary proliferations of stratified squamous epithelium without cellular atypism and underlying stroma represented by thin-walled vessels and loose connective tissue. What formation has developed in a patient?
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A female patient suffering from coronary artery disease has been prescribed amiodarone that has antianginal action. What other action does this drug have?
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An inflammatory process in tissues is characterized by hyperemia and edema. What leukocytes situated in connective tissue provide for vasodilatation and increased blood vessel capacity under these conditions?
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When examining the oral caity of a 22-year-old patient, the dentist noticed a destroyed medial tubercle on the cutting edge of the right maxillary first molar. This tubercle is called:
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There is high content of proteine and erythrocytes in urine. This can be caused by increased:
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There are several cases of children from boarding school suffering from sore throat. Microscopy of tonsil smears stained according to Neisser method has revealed thin yellow bacilli with dark brown grains on their ends placed in the shape of Roman numeral five. What infection can be suspected in this case?
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A 5-year-old child with diagnosis of diphtheria has been hospitalized in severe condition in a contagious isolation ward. Tracheostomy had to be performed on the child to prevent asphyxiation. This operation was caried out in the following neck triangle (trigonum):
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As a result of dysfunction of protein synthesis in liver a patient with hepatic insufficiency has disturbed synthesis of procoagulants, prothrombin, fibrinogen. Which of the listed syndromes can be expected in this patient?
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A 9-year-old child has multiple lesions of the oral mucosa in form of small painful hyperemic sores with a white deposit in the center; enlarged and painful submandibular lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of the affected region revealed a superficial defect covered by fibrin; edematic and hyperemic submucosa with inflammatory infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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In order to prevent massive hemorrhage in the region of oral cavity floor it is required to ligate an artery which is located within Pirogov's triangle. What artery is it?
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Postmortem examination of a patient with a long history of rheumatism revealed thickening and shortening of the mitral valve leaflets with abundant thrombotic deposits. Histological examination of the valve leaflets confirmed sclerosis and revealed multiple foci of connective tissue disorganization in form of mucoid and fibrinoid swelling, as well as deendothelization foci. Endothelium defects were covered with thrombotic deposits of 1-2 mm. What type of valvular endocarditis is the case?
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Alveolar bleeding has been detected following the extraction of the maxillary second premolar. What artery causes this kind of bleeding, when damaged?
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Certain brain structures of test animals have been subjected to electrostimulation, as an experiment, resulting in development of polyphagia (abnormal desire to consume excessive amounts of food) in test animals. Electrodes have been inserted in the following brain structures:
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A patient has been hospitalized with provisional diagnosis of hepatitis B. To make a diagnosis, serological reaction is used, which is based on antigen reacting with antibody chemically bound with peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase. What is the name of this serological reaction?
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A histological preparation of cerebellum transverse section shows large number of multipolar neurons in the grey matter. What morphological feature allows to identify them as multipolar?
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A patient suffering from stenocardia takes 100 mg of acetylsalicilic acid daily. What is the effect of acetylsalicilic acid in this patient?
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An irregular-shaped dense grey and white focus has appeared on the patient's oral cavity mucosa, raising above mucosa surface. The patient considers it to be denture-caused damage of mucosa. Microscopy has revealed the following: hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis of stratified epithelium of mucosa; underlaying connective tissue has lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. What pathology is it?
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Histological study of a microslide of human skin found only dense irregular connective tissue. Which layer of this organ was analyzed?
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Autopsy of a dead 6-year-old child revealed a marked edema of the soft tissues of neck and enlarged tonsils. Pharyngeal mucosa was covered with numerous dense whitish-yellow pellicles exposing deep ulcers after their removal. Histological examination of the pharyngeal mucosa revealed necrosis of the upper epithelial layers, impregnation of the mucous memrane with the fibrinous exudate and moderate leukocyte infiltration. What infectious disease caused the death of the child?
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A female patient has referred to a dentist with complains of bruise and swelling around her eye. Anamnesis is as follows: several days prior her 1st premolar tooth had been extracted, with infraorbital anesthesia administered; several days later hematoma appeared in the area of foramen intraorbitale. Branch of the following artery was damaged:
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Experimental studies revealed steroid hormones to have an effect on proteosynthesis. They influence synthesis of the following substances:
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To perform conduction anesthesia a patient had been administered a drug used in dental surgery. It was followed by the symptoms of poisoning: central nervous system excitation with following paralysis, and acute cardiovascular insufficiency (collapse). Additionally there were allergic reactions (itching, swelling, erythema). Name this drug.
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A patient is diagnosed with seborrheic dermatitis caused by vitamin H (biotin) deficiency. Observed is activity disruption of the following enzyme:
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A 49-year-old male patient with myocardial infarction has been admitted to the cardiology department. What changes in the peripheral blood cells are induced by the necrotic changes in the myocardium?
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After restoration of maxllary incisors with artificial crowns a 44-year-old female was found to have a brownish overgrowth in form of a node of 15 mm in diameter. Histological study revealed that under the stratified squamous epithelium of gingiva there was a connective tissue mass with numerous sinusoidal vessels, ovalshaped mononuclear cells forming osteoid substance, and polynuclear giant cells that destroyed the alveolar ridge of the upper jaw. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A patient has been preliminarily diagnosed withf paragonimiasis. This disease is caused by lung flukes. The causative agent entered into the patient's body through:
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A patient was suffering from primary tuberculosis 5 years ago. Radiography has revealed a sharply marginated nodular shadow with diameter of 4 cm in the 2nd segment of the right lung. Focus was surgically removed. Histological study has revealed the following: the focus of caseous necrosis surrounded by the thick capsule of connective tissue. What kind of secondary tuberculosis has occurred in patient?
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A patient has lost his ability to recognize objects by their characteristic sounds (clock, bell, music). What part of his brain is damaged?
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A female patient has scalded her hand with boiling water. The affected skin area became red, swollen and painful. This effect is caused by accumulation of the following substance:
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A patient in a collaptoid state has been given an injection of mesatonum for the correction of blood pressure. What is the mechanism of this drug action?
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Human X chromosome contains a dominant gene that is reponsible for normal blood clotting. An autosomal dominant gene plays a similar role. Lack of any of these genes leads to the coagulation disorder. The form of interaction between these genes is called:
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In the area being the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-year-old man presented to a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of anti-rabies vaccine. This preparation relates to the following type of vaccines:
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A rounded whitish-pink tumor node with diameter of 6 cm has been removed from uterine cavity. Microscopy revealed it to consist of chaotically arranged smooth muscle fibers with large amount of stroma threaded through with nerves and blood vessels. What diagnosis is most probable?
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A shepherd who has tended sheep together with dogs consulted a doctor about pain in his right subcostal area, nausea, vomiting. Roentgenoscopy revealed a tumour-like formation. What kind of helminthiasis might be suspected?
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When examining the child's oral cavity, a dentist has noticed growth of the child's first permanent canines. How old is the child?
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