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KROK 1 Dentistry 2016 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2016 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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There are various diseases that cause sharp increase of active oxygen, thus leading to cell membranes destruction. Antioxidants are used to prevent it from happening. The most potent natural antioxidant is:
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A 19-year-old young man has been examined in a nephrological hospital. Increased potassium content was detected in secondary urine of the patient. Such changes have been most likely caused by the increased secretion of the following hormone:
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On the longitudinal section of a tooth there are tubules visible in the dentin. What is inside these tubules?
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What factor results in maximal dilation of the gemomicrocirculatory pahtway vessels and their increased permeability?
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Histological investigation of a 40-year-old man’s thymus revealed the following: decreased part of parenchymatous elements, increased part of adipose and loose connective tissues, high concentration of thymic bodies with total organ weight remaining the same. Name this phenomenon:
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A 28-year-old patient had been diagnosed with multifragmental fracture of the right hip. On the third day after the injury he began to complain of pain in the right side of the chest, difficult respiration. One day later the patient died of progressive heart and respiratory failure. Histological study of the pulmonary and cerebral blood vessels revealed orange sudanophilic droplets that completely obstructed the vessels of microvasculature. What complication caused the death of the patient?
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Indigenous population of Pamir has the following characteristic features: high rate of base metabolism, elongated tubular bones, wide rib cage, high blood oxygen capacity due to increased number of erythrocytes, high hemoglobin content. What type of ecological adaptation is it?
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A patient with gastric juice hypersecretion has been recommended to exclude from the diet rich broths and vegetable infused water. A doctor recommended it, because these food products stimulate production of the following hormone:
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During perfusion of an isolated heart of a mammal with a high ion content solution the cardiac arrest in diastole occurred. The cardiac arrest was caused by the following ions present excessively in the solution:
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Study of the histological specimen of a baby’s primary tooth revealed hypoplasia (underdevelopment ) of enamel. This abnormality is caused by the disruptions in the activity of the following cells:
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On examination a patient was revealed to have a large amount of mucus accumulated in the nasal cavity. The mucus covers the mucosa and blocks the olfactory receptors. Where exactly are these receptors situated in a nasal cavity?
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A patient during examination presents with prolongation of the II heart sound. The II heart sound occurs due to:
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On the 4th day of treatment with diclofenac sodium a 55-year-old patient has developed gastric hemorrhage due to an ulcer appearing on the gastric mucosa. Ulcerogenic action of this drug is caused by decreased secretion of:
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In order to prevent wound infection associated with surgical procedures a patient was given a synthetic antiprotozoan drug with a high activity against Helicobacter pylori. Specify this drug:
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A patient has a slowly healing fracture. What medicine can be used to accelerate formation of connective tissue matrix?
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Sulfanilamides are applied as antimicrobal agents in clinical practice. Sulfanilamide treatment, however, can result in hemolytic anemia development in patients that suffer from genetic defect of the following enzyme of pentose phosphate metabolism in erythrocytes:
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A patient in a grave condition has been delivered into an admission ward. Examination revealed pupil mydriasis, no reaction to the light, considerable reddening and dryness of skin and mucous membranes. What drug might have caused the intoxication symptoms?
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A 36-year-old patient underwent tooth extraction at a dental clinic. After two weeks the stratified squamous epithelium regenerated at the site of extraction. What organelles were involved in the restoration of the mucous membrane?
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A heart microslide demonstrates cells in the shape of pale chords, which have few myofibrilla, glycogen inclusions and eccentric nuclei. Name these cells:
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Osteolaterism is charcterized by a decrease in collagen strength caused by significantly less intensive formation of cross-links in collagen fibrils. This phenomenon is caused by the low activity of the following enzyme:
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A 50-year-old patient with hypertensive crisis had been administered magnesium sulfate, which led to abrupt decrease in blood pressure. The side effects of magnesium sulfate can be prevented if the following drug is administered:
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Patients suffering from xeroderma pigmentosum have extremely photosensitive skin due to disrupted excision repair. Specify the process that is affected in such patients:
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A 2-year-old child presents with mental development retardation, intolerance of proteins, severe hyperammonemia against the background of low blood urea content. This condition is caused by the congenital deficiency of the following mitochondrial enzyme:
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Having completed work in a laboratory, a student must tidy up the workspace, perform disinfection of the workbench and tools. What chemicals should be used for disinfection?
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Pupil dilation occurs when a person steps from a light room into a dark one. What reflex causes such reaction?
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A patient diagnosed with acute respiratory failure has been administered artificial lung ventilation in the conditions of high partial oxygen pressure. This measure resulted in aggravation of the patient’s condition and development of respiratory distress syndrome. Name the likely cause of this complication:
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A diet must include fats. Fats perform plastic function in an organism due to their inclusion in:
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For relief of hypertensive crisis a doctor has administered a patient a drug that apart from antihypertensive effect has also sedative, spasmolytic and anticonvulsive action. The drug was taken parenterally. When it is taken enterally it acts as a laxative and cholagogue. What drug was administered?
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In the preparation of a 10-day-old human embryo there are 2 contacting sacs visible (amniotic and vitelline). Name the structure situated at the place of the contact:
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A patient with pituitary tumor complains of increased daily diuresis (polyuria). Glucose concentration in blood plasma equals 4,8 mmol/l. What hormone can be the cause of this if its secretion is disturbed?
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Under the influence of physical factors there can develop defects in a DNA molecule. Ultraviolet irradiation, for instance, can cause development of dimers.Dimers are two adjacent pyrimidine bases joined together. Name these bases:
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Parkinson’s disease is caused by disrupted dopamine synthesis. What brain structure synthesizes this neurotransmitter?
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It is necessary to perform urinary bladder catheterization of an adult man. Resistance to the catheter can occur in the following structure or part of urethra:
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A person with dental disease cannot always pinpoint the location of the affected tooth. What principle of excitatory diffusion in nerve centers causes such phenomenon?
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A blood test was performed for a patient with allergic rhinitis. Blood smear stained after Romanowsky reveals large number of cells with the following structure: segmented nucleus consists of 2-3 segments; cytoplasm is filled with bright-pink oxyphil granularity; granules are large. Name these cells:
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A woman presents with ovarian hyperaemia, increased permeability of the blood-follicle barrier with development of edema, infiltration of the follicle wall with segmental leukocytes. The follicle is large in volume. Its wall is thickened. The described situation is typical for the following period of the sex cycle:
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A 12-year-old patient suffering from acute leukemia presents with fever up to 39,8°C, acute pain in the throat. Examination of the oral cavity has revealed swollen tonsils, their surface is covered in deep lesions with uneven margins, numerous petechial hemorrhages in the pharyngeal mucosa and around the tonsils. Determine the type of tonsillitis that complicates the disease progress in this case:
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An autopsy of the body of an elderly man, who was suffering from acute intestinal disorder during his last 2 weeks of life, has revealed the following change in the rectum and sigmoid colon: brown and green film covering the mucosa is detected. The itestinal wall is thickened; the cavity sharply narrows down. Microscopy reveals mucosa necrosis of varying depth, necrotic tissue is pierced through with fibrin threads, leucocytic infiltration is observed. What diagnosis is the most probable?
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A man has developed downturning mouth and smoothed out nasolabial fold due to influenza complication. What nerve is damaged?
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Examination of a patient revealed dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia. What vitamin deficiency is the cause of this condition ?
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