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KROK 1 Dentistry 2016 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2016 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A histological specimen of kidney shows a structure consisting of a glomerulus of fenestrated capillaries and a bilayer epithelial capsule. Specify this structure:
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Injection of an anaesthetic before the tooth extraction resulted in development of anaphylactic shock accompanied by oliguria. What pathogenetic mechanism caused the decrease in diuresis in this case?
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While studying blood and mucus samples from the nasopharynx, a bacteriologist took certain measures to conserve the pathogens in the material. Bacterioscopic study revealed the presence of gram-negative cocci resembling coffee beans and arranged in pairs or tetrads. Name the pathogen that was isolated by the bacteriologist:
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A woman has scalded her hand with boiling water. The affected area of her skin became red, swollen and painful. This effect is caused by accumulation of the following substance:
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A 50-year-old patient has been referred for treatment of neck lymphadenitis. His individual penicillin sensitivity was tested. In 30 seconds fullbody fever raised in the patient and his arterial blood pressure dropped to 0 mm Hg followed by cardiac arrest. Resuscitation was unsuccessful. Autopsy revealed acute venous hyperemia of viscera. Histological study revealed mast cells (tissue basophil) degranulation in the skin (at the area of injections), myocardium and lungs. What kind of hypersensitivity reaction occurred in the patient?
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A patient is being prepared for a surgery - partial mandibular resection. What drug should be administered to decrease salivation?
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A patient with symptoms of acute heart failure, namely pallor, acrocyanosis and rapid shallow breathing, has been delivered to an emergency department. Which of these drugs is indicated in this case?
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Due to a cranial trauma leading to damage of the eye socket superior wall a patient has lost the ability to lift the upper eyelid and look upwards. What nerve is most likely damaged?
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A 43-year-old woman complains of weight loss, hyperhidrosis, low-grade fever, increased irritability. She has been found to have hyperfunction of the sympathetic-adrenal system and basal metabolism. These disorders can be caused by hypersecretion of the following hormone:
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A doctor noted in the patient’s case history, that the wound entry hole is situated in the submandibular triangle. What anatomical landmark binds this area?
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A 13-year-old girl has been prescribed a certain drug for treatment of megaloblastic anemia. This drug stimulates a transfer from megaloblastic haemopoiesis to normoblastic, participates in synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases, activates proteine and methionine synthesis. What drug does the patient take?
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A person performs flexionextention movements of the forearm with the elbow resting on a table. What type of muscle contraction occurs in the m.biceps brachii?
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Phenylketonuria is a disease caused by a recessive gene that is localized in an autosome. Parents are heterozygous for this gene. They already have two sons with phenylketonuria and one healthy daughter. What is the probability that their fourth child will have the disease too?
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During examination a patient presents with the following: hypertrophy and inflammation of lymphoid tissue, mucosa swelling between the arches of the soft palate. What tonsil is situated there?
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A pregnant women developed severe toxemia with exhausting recurrent vomiting throughout a day. By the end of the day she developed tetanic convulsions and bodily dehydration. The described changes were caused by the following type of acid-base disbalance:
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Specify the type of jaundice, during which there is no direct bilirubin in blood, and urine urobilinogen level is high:
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A histological preparation shows organ, where lymphocytes form three types of lymphoid structures: lymph nodules, medullary cords and lymphatic sinuses. What organ is it?
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Due to recurring vomiting a patient has lost significant amount of gastric juice, which led to development of acidbase dysbalance. What type of acid-base dysbalance has developed?
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When examining a female patient a doctor observed the following: misshapen auricles, elevated palate, teeth growth disorder; mental retardation; no disruption of reproductive function. Provisional diagnosis is the "super woman"syndrome. Point out the karyotype of this disease.
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Macroscopic examination of lung tissue revealed areas of high airiness with small bubbles. Histological examination revealed thinning and rupture of alveolar septa accompanied by formation of large diversiform cavities. What disease was revealed in the lung?
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A patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered to a hospital unconscious. BP is low, Kussmaul’s respiration is observed, the smell of acetone can be detected from the patient’s mouth. What mechanism is leading in the coma development in this case?
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A patient with heart failure and tachycardia has been prescribed digoxin. After 5 days of taking digoxin the patient’s heart rate was normalized. After 2 weeks the patient addressed a doctor due to continuous decrease of heart rate down to 52/min. What phenomenon has caused such changes of heart rate?
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A 49-year-old patient was found to have a disproportionate enlargement of hands, feet, nose, ears, superciliary arches and cheek bones. Blood test revealed hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance. What is the most likely cause of this pathology development?
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An oral surgery unit admitted a woman with a phlegmon on the anterior surface of neck in the region of carotid triangle. What muscle demarcates the posterior wall of this triangle?
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Proliferation of connective tissue in the parenchyma of liver (fibrosis) caused by chronic diseases is typically accompanied by an impairment of blood circulation in the classic lobules. What is the direction of blood flow in these lobules?
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A 25-year-old man presents with tumourous growth situated in the area of the body of the maxilla, which results in face deformation. Biopsy material consists of fibrous tissue containing juvenile bone trabeculae, spindle and stellate cells. There is no clear margin between the normal bone tissue and lesion focus, capsule is absent. No pathologic changes can be detected in the other organs. Make the diagnosis:
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In a microslide of the patient’s regional lymph node stained with Giemsa method a doctor detected thin microorganisms with 12-14 uniform tendrils with pointed tips, 10-13 micrometers in length, pale pink in color. In this case they can be identified as infectious agents of the following disease:
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A man submerged into the icecold water and died soon as a result of abrupt exposure to cold. In such cases an organism loses heat most intensively by the way of:
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After a hemorrhage into the brainstem a patient has lost reflex of myosis as a reaction to increase of illumination. What structure was damaged?
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A patient has a history of chronic heart failure. Which of the following hemodynamic parameters is a major symptom of cardiac decompensation development?
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A dentist has detected symptoms of parodontosis in a patient. What antiprotozoal drug should be prescribed?
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Calcification of dental tissues is significantly influenced by osteocalcin protein that can bind calcium ions due to the presence of the following modified amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain:
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Autopsy of a man who had tuberculosis revealed a 3x2 cm large cavity in the superior lobe of the right lung. The cavity was interconnected with a bronchus, its wall was dense and consisted of three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the middle layer was composed of tuberculous granulation tissue and the external one was consisted of connective tissue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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During autopsy of the body of a patient, who had died due to heart failure, the following has been detected: myogenic dilatation of the heart left ventricle, microfocal cardiosclerosis, vasculitis, Aschoff bodies with disorganization of connective tissue, myocardosis. Make the diagnosis:
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During examination of a child’s oral cavity a dentist noted the appearance of the first permanent molars on the child’s lower jaw. How old is the child?
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Microscopy of an autopsy material sampled from lungs has revealed that alveolar lumen is filled with exudate consisting mostly of erythrocytes. What type of pneumonia is the most likely to be the cause?
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A schizophrenic patient has been prescribed aminazine. What pharmacodynamic action of this drug justifies its prescription in this case?
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A 35-year-old woman complains of swollen neck. Subtotal thyreoidectomy is performed. On histological examination of the removed part of the thyroid gland the following was detected: atrophy of parenchyma, moderate sclerosis development, duffuse infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells leading to formation of lymphatic follicles. What pathology has developed in the thyroid gland?
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In the area that is the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-year-old man arrived at a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of anti-rabies vaccine. This preparation belongs to the following type of vaccines:
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. When processing amolar tooth with a dental cutter a dentist has accidentally deeply wounded the patient’s cheek and damaged not only the mucosa but also a muscle. Which muscle was injured?
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