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KROK 1 Dentistry 2016 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2016 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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Apatient has petechial hemorrhages on the gums, hard and soft palate, buccal mucosa. This is caused by the dysfunction of the following blood corpuscles:
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A 32-year-old patient has B2 hypovitaminosis. The specific symptoms such as epithelial, mucosal, skin and corneal lesions are the most likely to be caused by the deficiency of:
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Autopsy of the body of a 46-yearold man, who had been suffering from typhoid fever and died of intestinal hemorrhage, has revealed sequestration areas, tissue rejection in the areas of lymphoid follicle clusters. What stage of typhoid fever is it?
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Which of the named below is the substrate of activated Christmas factor that takes part in blood coagulation?
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There are several cases of children from boarding school suffering from sore throat. Microscopy of tonsil smears stained according to Neisser method has revealed thin yellow bacilli with dark brown grains on their ends situated in the shape of the Roman numeral five. What infection can be suspected in this case?
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A patient with chronic hepatitis complains of increased sensitivity to barbiturates that previously induced no symptoms of intoxication. What hepatic function is disrupted and primarily responsible for such reaction in this patient?
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Examination of a 23-year-old patient reveals that when his tongue is protruded, its tip deviates to the side. This is caused by the dysfunction of the following tongue muscle:
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During formation of mantle dentin in a deciduous tooth there occurred a disruption of odontoblast secretory activity. Such disruption will affect the formation of the following fibers:
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A doctor examines a 17-year-old girl. The following is detected: pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, fever. The preliminary diagnosis is infectious mononucleosis. Whatmethod of investigation allows to confirm this diagnosis at the disease onset?
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A patient has been diagnosed with severe B12-deficient anemia with hemopoiesis. Anamnesis states total gastrectomy. What cells allow to confirm this diagnosis, if they are absent in the peripheral blood?
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After the exposure to ionizing radiation a person was found to have a decreased blood granulocyte level. What mechanism underlies these changes?
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A victim of an earthquake has been remaining under debris for 7 days without food or water. What type of starvation is it?
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During bacteriological examination of the purulent discharge obtained from a postoperative wound an inoculation on meat infusion agar has been performed. The inoculation has resulted in large colorless mucous colonies that in 24 hours with exposure to sunlight developed green-blue pigmentation and smell of honey or jasmine. Bacterioscopy revealed gram-negative lophotrichea. What bacterial culture is contained in purulent discharge?
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The most common disease of economically developed countries is dental caries. Over 95% of population is afflicted with this disease. Carious demineralization of hard dental tissues is caused primarily by:
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A woman with a tumour of the pancreas has developed mechanic jaundice due to compression of a bile-excreting duct. Which duct is compressed?
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A patient has been administered conduction anesthesia with novocaine in preparation for tooth extraction. After the anesthesia administration the patient developed swelling and hyperemy around the injection site, skin itch, general fatigue, motor agitation. Name the developed complication:
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In a maternity hospital a newborn should receive vaccination against tuberculosis. What vaccine should be chosen?
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An oculist detected increased time of darkness adaptation of a patient’s eye. What vitamin deficiency can cause such symptom?
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After the traumatic tooth extraction a patient is complaining of severe dull poorly-localized pain in gingiva, body temperature rise up to 37,5°C. The patient has been diagnosed with alveolitis. Specify the kind of pain in this patient:
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In the course of evolution there developed molecular mechanisms for correction of damaged DNA molecules. This process is called:
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Examination of a 29-year-old patient revealed a dense, immobile, ill-defined tumor-like formation in the lower jaw. The overlying mucosa was pale. Biopsy of the neoplasm revealed osteoid structures lined with atypical osteoblasts; numerous pathologic mitotic figures; a great number of thin-walled vessels. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A patient has an inflammation in the pterygopalatine fossa. The infection has spread into the nasal cavity. Which anatomical structure has the infection spread through?
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A woman addressed a dentist with complains of bruise and swelling around her eye. Anamnesis is as follows: several days prior her 1st premolar tooth had been extracted, with infraorbital anesthesia administered; several days later hematoma appeared in the area of foramen intraorbitale. Branch of the following artery was damaged:
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A patient with a long history of chronic periodontitis underwent removal of a maxillary cyst located at the root of the affected tooth. Microscopy shows that the bone wall is made up of fibrous tissue infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells. The inner surface of the cyst is covered with stratified squamous epithelium with no signs of keratinization. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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To drain the oral cavity a dentist places a tampon between the cheek and the 2nd upper molar. This way secretion of the following salivary gland WILL NOT be able to accumulate in the oral cavity:
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Genetic information is stored in DNA but does not participate directly in protein synthesis within DNA cells. What process ensures transfer of genetic information into polypeptide chain?
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A 60-year-old patient with a history of bronchial asthma has had several attacks during the day. What is the optimal drug to be used for attacks prevention?
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Due to a stroke (cerebral hemorrhage) a patient has lost the ability of voluntary movement of the head and neck muscles. Brain examination revealed the hematoma to be situated within the genu of internal capsule. What conduction pathway is damaged?
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A 45-year-old woman has addressed a doctor with complaints of rapid mood swings, tearfulness, apathy. Antidepressants prescribed for her treatment are monoamine oxidase inhibitors. These drugs have a certain effect on catecholamines, which results in their medicinal action. Name this effect:
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A patient complains of toothache. On examination he has been diagnosed with pulpitis. Which factor played the main pathogenic role in the development of pain syndrome in this case?
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A patient with damaged muscles of the lower limbs has been delivered to a first-aid center. What cells enable reparative regeneration of muscle fibers and restoration of muscle function?
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A patient with acute retention of urine has been brought to an admission room. During examination a doctor found out that the patient has urethral obturation caused by pathology of the surrounding organ. Name this organ.
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A 78-year-old patient suffering from atherosclerosis has been delivered to a surgical ward with signs of acute abdomen. Laparoscopy revealed blackened and flaccid small intestine loops; demarcation line is not clear. Diagnose the changes that occurred in the patient’s small intestine:
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A 30-year-old patient after a case of viral hepatitis type B has developed complaints of continuous nasal hemorrhages. What drug would be the most advisable for treatment of this condition?
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During ascent into mountains at the altitude of 5000 meters the group of climbers has developed the following complaints: dyspnea, increased heart rate, headache, vertigo, tinnitus. What is the cause of such symptoms?
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Significant amount of biogenic amines in body tissues can be subject to oxidative deaminization due to the action of the following enzyme:
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Histological examination of the myocardium of a 47-year-old patient with rheumatic heart disease (section material) revealed big visually empty vacuoles within the cardiomyocytes. They turn black, when stained with osmic acid, and yellow-red, when stained with sudan III. What pathological process is it?
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The total number of leukocytes in patients blood is 90*109/l. Leukogram: eosinophils - 0%, basophils - 0%, juvenile - 0%, stab neutrophils - 2%, segmentonuclear cells - 20%, lymphoblasts - 1%, prolymphocytes - 2%, lymphocytes - 70%, monocytes - 5%, Botkin-Gumprecht cells. Clinical examination revealed enlarged cervical and submandibular lymph nodes. Such clinical presentations are typical for the following pathology:
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A 36-year-old patient consulted an ophthalmologist about eye ache. The examination revealed the erosion of the cornea, specifically, the lack of superficial and spinous layers of the epithelium. What cells will provide regeneration of the damaged epithelium?
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In the armpits of a patient there are small (1-1,5 mm), dorsoventrally flattened, wingless, blood-sucking insects. Their larvae developed in the armpits too. What disease is caused by these insects?
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