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KROK 1 Dentistry 2017 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2017 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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Heterozygous parents with А (II) and В (III) blood groups according to AB0 system gave birth to a child. What is the probability of the child having 0 (I) blood group?
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During dehelmintization a patient expelled long fragments of a segmented helminth. In some segments their width exceeds their length; there is a rosettelike uterus in the segment center. Name the helminth:
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Carious cavities of a 29-year-old patient contain parasitic protozoa. It is established that they belong to the Sarcodina class. Specify these protozoa:
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According to the law of constancy of chromosome numbers, most animal species have definite and constant chromosome number. The mechanism that maintains this constancy during sexual reproduction of organisms is called:
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At a certain stage of human ontogenesis, physiological bond occurs between circulatory systems of the mother and the fetus. This function is being carried out by the following provisory organ:
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It is necessary to perform urinary bladder catheterization of an adult man. Resistance to the catheter can occur in the following structure or part of the urethra:
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A woman has come to a dentist with complaints of bruising and swelling around her eye. Anamnesis is as follows: several days prior her 1st premolar tooth had been extracted, with infraorbital anaesthesia administered; several days later hematoma appeared in the area of foramen intraorbitale. The branch of the following artery was damaged:
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A patient consulted a doctor about an increased pain sensitivity of the ear skin and ear canal. Palpation behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle was painful. Such clinical presentations are typical of the irritation of the following nerve:
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In a 12-year-old patient an inflammatory process in the internal ear spread to the meninges, diffusely affecting them. A doctor suspects the process to have spread through the connection between the subarachnoid space of the brain and perilymphatic space of the internal ear. What anatomic structure became the pathway for the spreading inflammation?
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A woman with essential hypertension has been hospitalized. The patient presents with aneurysm of a. communicans posterior of the cerebrum arterial circle. What vessels of arterial circle are normally joined with this artery?
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In the skin biopsy material in the epidermis there are cells with processes and cytoplasm that contains dark brown granules. Name these cells:
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Gastroscopy of a patient revealed the lack of mucus in the coating of the mucous membrane. This can be caused by the dysfunction of the following cells of gastric wall:
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Alcoholic intoxication is accompanied by disturbed motor coordination and equilibrium due to the damage caused to structural elements of the cerebellum. Functional disturbance of the following cells occurs in the first place:
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Histologic specimen demonstrates an oral cavity organ with mucosa covered with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Specify this organ or its part:
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During gastrulation an embryo proceeds from histiotrophic to hematotrophic nutrition. What provisory organ makes it possible at first?
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One of the coats of a hollow organ has anastomotic fibers with nuclei. The fibers consist of cells that form intercalated disks at the places of contact. What tissue forms this coat?
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A 30-year-old woman has decreased enzyme content in the pancreatic juice. This condition can be caused by insufficient secretion of the following hormone:
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Electric current has affected skeletal muscle fiber resulting in depolarisation of the membrane. Depolarisation develops due to the following ions penetrating the membrane:
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Psychological evaluation determined that a person is able to quickly adapt to changing situation, has good memory, is emotionally stable, possesses of high working ability. This person is the most likely to be:
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An oculist has detected increased time of darkness adaptation of a patient’s eye. What vitamin deficiency can cause such symptom?
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A patient suffers from diabetes mellitus with fasting hyperglycemia over 7,2 mmol/l. What blood plasma protein would allow to assess the patient’s glycemia level retrospectively (4-8 weeks prior to examination)?
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A patient is in the state of hypoglycemic coma. What hormone can cause this condition if overdosed?
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A 24-year-old patient has been administered glutamic acid to treat epilepsy. Medicinal effect in this case occurs not due to glutamate itself, but due to the product of its decarboxylation:
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Mucin aggregates retain water, which results in their viscosity and protective action. It is possible because mucin structure contains:
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Along with normal hemoglobin types there can be pathological ones in the body of an adult. Specify one of them:
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Chronic overdosage of glucocorticoids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
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After anaesthetic application during tooth extraction the patient developed marked soft tissue edema of the upper and lower jaw, skin rash on the face, reddening, and itching. What pathological process results in such reaction to the anaesthetic?
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Due to morbid affection of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus a 40-year-old patient has developed polyuria (10-12 liters per day) and polydipsia. The following hormone is deficient, thus leading to this disturbance:
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A patient with glossitis presents with disappearance of lingual papillae, reddening and burning pain in the tongue. Blood test: erythrocytes 2, 2×1012/l, hemoglobin — 103 g/l, color index — 1,4. What type of anemia is it?
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A patient with chronic renal failure presents with reduced inulin clearance of 60 ml/min. The following renal function is disturbed:
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Histological investigation of an extracted tooth revealed presence of necrotic detritus with fatty acid crystals and numerous microbe colonies in the pulp chamber. What diagnosis is the most likely?
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Autopsy of a man with tuberculosis has revealed a 3x2 cm large cavity in the superior lobe of the right lung. The cavity was interconnected with a bronchus, its wall was dense and consisted of three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the middle layer wasmade of tuberculous granulation tissue and the external one was made of connective tissue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Histological investigation of renal biopsy material taken from a patient with tuberculosis has revealed chaotically located chromatin granules in the focus of caseous necrosis. These changes are the result of:
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During inspection of dental tools for sterility in one case gram-positive cocci were detected. They were situated in clusters and yielded positive plasma coagulation reaction; the cocci were fermenting mannitol in anaerobic conditions and exhibiting lecithinase activity. What microorganism was detected?
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Analysis of sputum taken froma patient with suspected pneumonia revealed slightly elongated gram-positive diplococci with tapered opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum?
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Microscopic examination of pus sample taken from mandibular fistula canal and stained by Gram’s method has revealed druses with gram-positive coloring in the center and cone-shaped structures with gram-negative coloring. Such morphology is characteristic of the agent of:
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A puncture sample has been taken from the inguinal lymph nodes of a patient provisionally diagnosed with plague. The sample was inoculated into hard nutrient medium. What shape will the colonies have, if the diagnosis is confirmed?
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To perform conduction anesthesia a patient had been administered a drug used in dental surgery. The patient developed the symptoms of poisoning: central nervous system excitation followed by paralysis and acute cardiovascular insufficiency (collapse). Additionally there were allergic reactions (itching, swelling, erythema). Name this drug:
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Enzymes and other active substances regulating connective tissue density and permeability are being produced in connective tissue cells. What enzyme drug is used to make the connective tissue growths looser and more permeable?
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A schizophrenic patient has been prescribed aminazine. What pharmacodynamic action of this drug justifies its prescription in this case?
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