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KROK 1 Dentistry 2017 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2017 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A patient with maxillofacial joint arthritis has come to a dentist. The dentist prescribed an ointment with an antiinflammatory agent that is a pyrazolone derivative. Name this agent:
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A 55-year-old man with acute heart failure has been administered a quickrelief cardiac glycoside. Which of the following drugs has been given to the patient?
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A patient suffering from ciliary arrhythmia with anamnesis of bronchial asthma should be prescribed an antiarrhythmic drug. What antiarrhythmic drug is CONTRAINDICATED in this case?
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A 35-year-old woman is diagnosed with faucial diphtheria. The patient died with signs of acute heart failure. On autopsy: heart cavities are enlarged in the diameter, heartmuscle is dull, flaccid, striped on section, with yellowish areas under the endocardium. What type of degeneration was detected in cardiac hystiocytes?
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A 67-year-old patient has ordered a full functional denture. It was necessary to extract his left upper canine. After infraorbital anaesthesia the patient presented with progressing hematoma in the frontal part of his face. The patient was found to have an injury of the artery that is the branch of:
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A woman, who had undergone mastectomy due to breast cancer, was prescribed a course of radiation therapy. What vitamin preparation has marked antiradiation effect due to its antioxidant activity?
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Often the cause of secondary immunodeficiency is an infectious affection of an organism, when agents reproduce directly in the cells of immune system and destroy them. Specify the diseases, during which the described above occurs:
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Premature babies often develop respiratory distress syndrome. This pathology is caused by the deficiency of a certain component of the blood–air barrier. Name this component:
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A forensic laboratory received clothes of a citizen, who a day before was reported missing. The clothes were found in a shed, there are red stains identified as blood by an expert. What reaction should be performed to determine whether these red stains are dried human blood?
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A patient has a history of chronic heart failure. Which of the following hemodynamic parameters is a major symptom of cardiac decompensation development?
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A 45-year-old patient with essential hypertension, who has been taking an antihypertensive drug for 4 days, notes that his blood pressure is normalized; however the patient complains of sleepiness and sluggishness. What drug is the patient taking?
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Due to trauma the patient’s parathyroid glands have been removed, which resulted in inertness, thirst, sharp increase of neuromuscular excitability. Metabolism of the following substance is disturbed:
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A doctor has established significant growth retardation, disproportional body build, and mental deficiency of a child. What is the most likely cause of this pathology?
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To terminate hypertensive crisis the patient was administered solution of magnesium sulfate. What route of drug administration should be chosen?
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A specimen presents an endocrine system organ covered with capsule made of connective tissue. Septa branch off from the capsule inwards and divide the organ into lobules. Each lobule consists of two cell types: neurosecretory pinealocytes (polygonal cells with processes) located in the center and gliacytes (astrocytes) located at the periphery. What organ is represented in this specimen?
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After introdiction of adrenaline the patient’s blood glucose level increased. It is caused by intensified:
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A 20-year-old young man, who started to train systematically in athletics, has the following resting-state blood values: erythrocytes — 5,5×1012/l, reticulocytes — 12%, hemoglobin — 160 g/l, color index — 1,03. Such blood values indicate erythropoiesis stimulation due to the following occurring in the process of his training:
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In the armpits of a patient there are small (1-1,5 mm), dorsoventrally flattened, wingless, blood-sucking insects. Their larvae have been developing in the armpits as well. What disease is caused by these insects?
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To treat peptic ulcer disease of the stomach a patient has been prescribed famotidine. Specify the mechanism of action of this drug:
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A student, who unexpectedly met his girlfriend, developed an increase in systemic arterial pressure. This pressure change was caused by the intensified realization of the following reflexes:
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A connective tissue specimen stained with hematoxylin-eosin shows isogenous cell groups surrounded with basophilic intercellular substance. No fibrous structures are detected. What type of connective tissue is it?
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A 46-year-old patient consulted an oculist about drooping of the upper eyelid. On examination he was diagnosed with a brain tumor. The pathological process must have affected the nuclei of the following pair of cranial nerves:
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A 36-year-old patient consulted an ophthalmologist about eye ache. The examination revealed erosion of the cornea, that is the lack of superficial and spinous layers of the epithelium. What cells will provide regeneration of the damaged epithelium?
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A patient undergoing treatment with nitrofurans has imbibed a small amount of alcohol, which resulted in severe poisoning. The poisoning developed due to:
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During development of a frostbite the exposed skin becomes pale and its temperature drops. What mechanism is the basis of these developments?
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A patient during fasting developed ketoacidosis as a result of increased fatty acids decomposition. This decomposition can be inhibited with:
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Examination of a patient revealed glycosuria and hyperglycemia. He complains of dry mouth, itchy skin, frequent urination, thirst. He has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. What is the cause of polyuria in this patient?
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Due to overdosage of a vasodilator a 58-year-old patient has developed acute vascular insufficiency. What drug would be advisable for termination of this pathological condition?
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To treat chronic heart failure a patient takes digoxin. What diuretic can increase digoxin toxicity due to increased excretion of K ions?
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A patient, who had been eating only polished rice, developed polyneuritis caused by thiamine deficiency. What compound can be indicative of this kind of avitaminosis when excreted with urine?
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A doctor examined a patient, studied the patient’s blood analyzes and concluded that the peripheral organs of immunogenesis are damaged. What organs are the most likely to be affected?
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In what organ biotransformation (metabolic transformation) of most medicinal agents occurs upon their introduction into an organism?
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A patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered to a hospital unconscious. BP is low, Kussmaul’s respiration is observed, the smell of acetone can be detected from the patient’s mouth. What mechanism is leading in the coma development in this case?
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A patient has been diagnosed with bicuspid valve insufficiency. Where is this valve located?
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In the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43year-old man came to a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of anti-rabies vaccine. This preparation belongs to the following type of vaccines:
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In Western Europe nearly half of all congenital malformations occur in the children conceived in the period when pesticides were used extensively in the region. These congenital conditions are the result of the following factor:
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Gastrulation is the period of embryogenesis, when germinal layers are formed, resulting in three-layered structure of an embryo. What gastrulation mechanism is characteristic of a human embryo?
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A 19-year-old young man has been examined in a nephrological hospital. Increased potassium content was detected in secondary urine of the patient. Such alterations are the most likely to be caused by the increased secretion of the following hormone:
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A 12-year-old boy has tetanic convulsions. What gland can be functionally impaired in this case?
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A man came to a surgeon with complains of pain in his lower right abdomen. On deep palpation the doctor detected a painful area in the right inguinal region. What part of the intestine is the most likely to be affected with pathological process?
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