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KROK 1 Dentistry 2017 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2017 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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During investigation of skin epithelium it was determed, that it consists of several cellular layers. Epithelial cells of the external layer have no nuclei. What type of epithelium is it?
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A histological specimen shows terminal secretory parts of glands made of conic cells with basophilic cytoplasm and a roundish nucleus in the centre. Specify the type of terminal secretory parts by the type of secretion:
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Electron diffraction pattern of a spermatozoon clearly presents a sheathlike structure localized in the spermiocalyptrotheca and participating in dissolution of ovular membranes. Name this structure:
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A patient complains of toothache. On examination he has been diagnosed with pulpitis. Which factor played the main pathogenic role in the development of pain syndrome in this case?
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The patient’s saliva has been tested for antibacterial activity. What saliva component has antibacterial properties?
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A patient with a bleeding knife wound in the area of carotid triangle has been delivered to a hospital. Blood flowing from the wound is dark. What vessel is injured?
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A patient with symptoms of acute heart failure, namely pallor, acrocyanosis, and rapid shallow breathing, has been delivered to an emergency department. Which of these drugs is indicated in this case?
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A victim of an earthquake has been remaining under debris for 7 days without food or water. What type of starvation is it?
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Micromanipulator was used to extract one of the two centrioles of centrosome (cell center) from hepatocyte (liver cell). What process will STOP OCCURRING in this cell?
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During an experiment aimed as study of respiration regulation processes the peripheral chemoreceptors of test animals were stimulated, which resulted in changed respiratory rate and depth. Where are these receptors localized?
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After an abortion a 25-year-old woman developed oliguria, anuria, and increasing azotemia. The patient died of acute renal failure. Autopsy revealed degeneration and necrosis of the convoluted renal tubules epithelium. What disease was the cause of death in this case?
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A child with a foreign body in the lungs has been hospitalized. What bronchus is the most likely to contain this foreign body, if its diameter approximates to 1,5 cm?
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During examination of the oral cavity at the vestibular surface of the lower right incisor there was detected a rounded growth on the thin pedicle. Histologically: in the connective tissue there are numerous thin-walled sinusoids, hemorrhage areas, hemosiderin foci, and giant cells resembling osteoclasts. Make the diagnosis:
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A 35-year-old man has come to a dentist with complaints of decreased density of the dental tissue and increased brittleness of his teeth during consumption of hard food. Laboratory analysis measured Ca/P correlation in the enamel sample. What value of Ca/P indicates increased demineralization?
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During examination a dentist noticed bowl-shaped defects on the frontal surface of the patient’s canines in the cervical area. Microscopically the pulp is covered with compacted dentin, slightly atrophied and sclerosed. What pathological process occurs in the patient?
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A patient complains of frequent bowel movements and stool with blood admixtures ("raspberry jelly" stool). Microscopic examination revealed large mononuclear cells with absorbed red blood cells. What protozoon is this morphological structure typical of?
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During teeth examination on the lateral surface of the first upper molar there was detected a cone-shaped carious cavity with base oriented towards the tooth surface and apex — towards the tooth center. Softened dentin is visible at the floor of the carious cavity. Make the diagnosis:
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After restoration of maxllary incisors with artificial crowns a 44-year-old woman was found to have a brownish growth in the form of a node 15mmin diameter. Histological study revealed that under the stratified squamous epithelium of the gingiva there was a connective tissue mass with numerous sinusoidal vessels, oval-shaped mononuclear cells forming osteoid substance, and polynuclear giant cells that destroyed the alveolar ridge of the upper jaw. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A woman is diagnosed with fatty tissue inflammation located between the leaves of broad ligament of the uterus. Name this anatomical structure:
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Normal metabolic rate and energy expenditure should be taken into account when actual basal metabolic rate of a patient is being determied by means of indirect calorimetry. Normal metabolic rate can be determined most accurately based on the patient’s:
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On microscopic examination of leftovers of the canned meat eaten by a patient with severe food toxicoinfection the following was detected: grampositive bacilli with subterminal staining defect and configuration alteration of bacilli generally resembling a tennis racket. What agent was detected?
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The patient’s examination in a hospital specialised in diseases of nervous system has revealed absence of light-induced miosis. It is caused by the damage of the following brain structures:
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A newborn boy has been diagnosed with hydrocephalus. Doctors consider it to be caused by teratogenic factors. What germ layers are affected by the teratogen?
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A patient on the 2nd day after cardiac infarction presents with acute decrease of systolic blood pressure down to 60 mm Hg with tachycardia 140/min., dyspnea, loss of consciousness. What mechanism is essential in the pathogenesis of shock developed in this case?
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For biochemical diagnostics of cardiac infarction it is necessary to determine activity of a number of enzymes and their izoenzymes in the blood. What enzyme assay is considered to be optimal for confirming or ruling out cardiac infarction at the early stage, after the patient develops thoracic pain?
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A 56-year-old man presents with parathyroid tumor. The following is observed: muscle weakness, osteoporosis, bone deformation, nephroliths consisting of oxalates and phosphates. The patient’s condition is caused by:
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There is increased activity of AST, LDH1, LDH2, and CPK in the patient’s blood. Pathological process most likely occurs in the:
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A patient suffering from acute vascular purpura is prescribed a firstgeneration antihistamine with local anaesthetic, antispasmodic, and sedative action. Specify this drug:
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A patient with autoimmune thyroiditis has been prescribed a peptide hormonal agent. Specify this agent:
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A 42-year-old woman, who has been keeping to a vegetarian diet for a long period of time, consulted a doctor. Examination revealed negative nitrogen balance in the patient. What factor is the most likely cause of such a condition?
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Cytogenetic analysis allowed to determine the patient’s karyotype — 47, XY, 21/46, XY. Name this condition:
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A patient, who after a trauma suffers from impeded active flexion of elbow, consulted a traumatologist. What muscle is the most likely to be damaged?
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In the patient’s feces there were eggs of Fasciola hepatica. The doctor, however, refrained from making diagnosis and insisted on a repeat of analysis, with beef liver excluded from the patient’s diet. What led the doctor to make such decision?
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A patient presents with dysfunction of the cerebral cortex accompanied by epileptic seizures. He has been administered a biogenic amine synthetized from glutamate and responsible for central inhibition. What substance is it?
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Red bone marrow has been damaged under radioactive emission of 5 Gy. What determines the red bone marrow sensitivity towards ionizing radiation?
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A 40-year-old patient suffers from intolerance of dairy products. This condition has likely developed due to insufficiency of the following digestive enzyme:
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A patient has been diagnosed with severe B12-deficient anemia with hemopoiesis disturbance. Anamnesis states total gastrectomy. What cells allow to confirm this diagnosis, if they are absent in the peripheral blood?
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To prevent wound infection associated with surgical procedures a patient was given a synthetic antiprotozoan drug demonstrating high activity against Helicobacter pylori. Specify this drug:
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A specimen of intestine demonstrates complex branching tubuloalveolar glands with their ends embedded in the submucous layer. What organ is it?
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After examining a patient a doctor recommended him to exclude rich meat and vegetable broths, spices, and smoked products from the diet, since the patient was found to have:
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