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KROK 1 Dentistry 2017 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2017 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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Roentgenologically confirmed obstruction of common bile duct resulted in preventing bile from inflowing to the duodenum. What process is likely to be disturbed?
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Typical signs of food poisoning caused by C. botulinum include diplopia, swallowing and respiration disorders. These signs develop due to:
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A patient in a grave condition has been delivered to an admission ward. Examination revealed pupil mydriasis, no reaction to the light, considerable reddening and dryness of skin and mucous membranes. What drug could have caused the intoxication symptoms?
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A patient consulted a therapeutist with complaints of pain in the chest, cough, fever. X-ray revealed eosinophilic infiltrates in the lungs, further investigation of which allowed to detect presence of larvae. What helminthiasis is it characteristic of?
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As a result of an injury a child developed an abscess of adipose tissue of the cheek. With time the process spread to the lateral surface of the pharynx. Pus had spread along the following fascia:
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Brain investigation by means of nuclear magnetic resonance revealed the patient to have a hematoma in the genu of the internal capsule. What pathway is damaged in this case?
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Cytochemical investigation revealed high content of hydrolytic enzymes in the cytoplasm. This phenomenon indicates the activity of the following organelles:
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A victim of a traffic accident has lost thoracic respiration but retaines diaphragmal. The spinal cord is most likely to be damaged at:
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Preventative examination of a 55year-old patient revealed type II diabetes mellitus. An endocrinologist detected an increase in body weight and liver enlargement. The man is a non-smoker and does not abuse alcohol but likes to have a "hearty meal". Histological examination by means of diagnostic liver puncture revealed that the hepatocytes were enlarged mostly on the lobule periphery, their cytoplasm had transparent vacuoles that reacted positively with sudan III. What liver pathology was revealed?
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On microscopic examination of a surgical biopsy material (part of the lip with an ulcer) near the ulcer margins and under the ulcer floor in the connective tissue of mucosa there are epithelial complexes composed of atypical stratified epithelium with pathological mitotic figures. Within these complexes there are accumulations of bright pink concentric formations. What pathology is it?
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During examination of a patient with a periodontal disease it would be advisable to investigate functional state of blood vessels of the dentomaxillary area. What method can be applied in this case?
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A patient with displaced fracture of the right coronoid process of mandible has been delivered to a first-aid center. What muscle had displaced the coronoid process?
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A patient with bronchial asthma has developed a bronchial spasm during the visit to a dentist. Name the drug necessary to arrest the spasm:
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Microscopy of an oval cell, 150 micron in size, revealed the following: cytoplasm has yolk inclusions but no centrioles. Name this cell:
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A worker of a cattle farm consulted a surgeon about fever up to 40°C, headache, weakness. Objective examination of his back revealed hyperemia and a dark red infiltration up to 5 cm in diameter with black bottom in its center, which was surrounded with pustules. What disease are these presentations typical of?
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The autopsy of a 37-year-old man has revealed the following: in the aorta on the smooth glossy ivory-colored intima there are yellowish-gray spots blending with each other, which form stripes that do not protrude from the intima surface. Microscopy reveals swelling and destruction of elastic membranes, diffuse impregnation of aortic wall with orange granules (if stained with Sudan III), orange coloring of macrophage cytoplasm and nonstriated muscle elements. Specify this process:
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A patient with acute bronchitis has been prescribed sulfanilamide drugs for treatment. In an hour after administration the patient developed itching and vesicles filled with light transparent liquid on the face, palms and soles. Name the mechanism of immune response:
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A 47-year-old man consulted a dentist about difficult mouth opening (trismus). The patient has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection can be manifested by these symptoms?
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A 69-year-old patient developed a small plaque with subsequent ulceration on the skin of the lower eyelid. The formation was removed. Microscopic examination of dermis revealed complexes of atypical epithelial cells arranged perpendicularly to the basal membrane on the periphery. The cells were dark, of polygonal prismatic shape, and had hyperchromic nuclei with frequent mitoses. What is the histological form of carcinoma in this patient?
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A 68-year-old man, who had been suffering from essential hypertension for a long time, was delivered to a resuscitation unit with hemiplegia. The patient died after 7 hours. On autopsy: in the right cerebral hemisphere there is a cavity 5x5 cm in size with uneven margins, filled with dark red blood clots. What cerebral circulation disorder developed in the patien
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What factor results in the highest energy expenditure under the normal vital activity conditions?
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To drain the oral cavity a dentist places a tampon between the cheek and the 2nd upper molar. This way secretion of the following salivary gland WILL NOT be able to accumulate in the oral cavity:
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During thermal stimulation it is characteristic of oral cavity blood vessels to:
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After the cerebral hemorrhage a patient developed aphasia — lost the ability to articulate words. The hemorrhage is localized in the:
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To assess the rate of collagen disintegration during certain connective tissue disturbances, it is necessary to measure the urine content of the following:
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Deaf parents with genotypes DDee and ddEE gave birth to a girl with normal hearing. Specify the form of D and E genes interaction:
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A 33-year-old man has a cystic growth connected to the 2nd molar of the lower jaw. Within the cystic cavity there is a rudimentary tooth. On microscopy: inner cystic surface is covered with stratified squamous epithelium, there are groups of mucin-producing cells. What diagnosis is the most likely?
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In the course of an experiment researchers stimulate a branch of the sympathetic nerve that innervates heart. What alterations of cardiac activity should be registered?
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A patient with a nasal trauma presents with skull fracture that circles the piriform opening. What bone is damaged?
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During tooth brushing it is not uncommon for oral mucosa to be injured. However, bleeding quickly stops on its own. What substances in saliva quickly staunch the flow of blood during minor oral injuries?
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The autopsy of a 45-year-old man, who worked in organic acids production and died from uremia, has revealed reduced and completely destroyed crowns of the upper and lower incisors. Microscopy detects destruction of dentin and enamel, the pulp is covered with dense replacing dentin. What pathological process occurred in the teeth in this case?
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During postmortem examination of a 9-month-old infant it was determined that the cause of death was cerebral edema. What water-electrolyte imbalance is the most likely cause of the edema development?
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An accident had resulted in a 65-year-old man drowning in a lake. Resuscitation measures allowed to restore his respiration and cardiac function. What factor prolongs the period of apparent death?
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An athlete (a long-distance runner) during competition has developed acute heart failure. This pathology developed due to:
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In postabsorptive state glycogen synthesis is increased in liver and muscles. The syntesis involves the following substance:
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A 50-year-old man, who has been suffering for a long time from viral hepatitis, developed mental impairments, impairments of consciousness, and motor disturbances (tremor, ataxia, etc.). What is the mechanism of such condition?
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A 30-year-old man had suffered a thoracic trauma in a traffic accident, which resulted in disturbance of external respiration. What ventilatory failure can be observed in this case?
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A girl is diagnosed with primary microcephaly that is a monogenic autosomal recessive disease. Her natural brother develops normally. What genotypes do the parents of these children have?
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A patient diagnosed with botulism has been prescribed antibotulinic serum for treatment. What immunity will be formed in the given patient?
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An 84-year-old patient suffers from parkinsonism. One of the pathogenetic development elements of this disease is deficiency of a certain mediator in some of the brain structures. Name this mediator:
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