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KROK 1 Dentistry 2018 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2018 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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Several patients with similar complaints came to the doctor. They all present with weakness, pain in the intestines, indigestion. Feces analysis revealed the need for urgent hospitalization of the patient, who had microbial cysts with four nuclei detected in his samples. Such cysts are characteristic of the following protozoon:
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A patient was diagnosed with a monogenic hereditary disease. Name this disease:
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According to the law of constancy of chromosome numbers, most animal species have definite and constant chromosome number. The mechanism that maintains this constancy during sexual reproduction of organisms is called:
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At a certain stage of human ontogenesis, physiological bond occurs between circulatory systems of the mother and the fetus. This function is being carried out by the following provisory organ:
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According to the data collected by WHO researchers, every year there are approximately 250 millon malaria cases occur in the world. This disease can be encountered predominantly in tropical and subtropical areas. The spread of this disease matches the natural habitat of the following genus of mosquitoes:
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A hunter was drinking raw water from a pond. He risks infection with the following type of trematodiasis:
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A patient complains of urine excretion that occurs during sexual intercourse. What organ is affected?
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After facial trauma the patient developed a buccal hematoma. What salivatory gland has its outflow blocked by the hematoma?
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A woman complains of painful chewing, especilly when she moves her lower jaw backwards. What muscles are affected?
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A patient complains of painful chewing, especially when his lower jaw moves forward and to the side. It indicates functional disorder of the following muscles:
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A patient consulted a doctor about an increased pain sensitivity of the ear skin and ear canal. Palpation behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle was painful. Such clinical presentations are typical of the irritation of the following nerve:
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Due to sustained trauma the patient presents with unevenly dilated pupils (anisocoria). What muscle is blocked?
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Microphotogram made with electron microscope shows alveolar cells that compose blood-air barrier. Name this cells:
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During experiment, the myotome was destroyed in the rabbit fetus. This manipulation will result in malformation of the following structure:
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Electronic microscopy of a kidney shows tubules paved with cuboidal epithelium. In the epithelium there are light and dark cells. The light cells contain few organelles; their cytoplasm forms folds. These cells provide reabsorption of water from primary urine into blood. The dark cells structurally and functionally resemble gastric parietal cells. What tubules are shown on the microslide?
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Gastroscopy of a patient revealed the lack of mucus in the coating of the mucous membrane. This can be caused by the dysfunction of the following cells of the gastric wall:
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At the cementoenamel junction there are non-calcified areas, through which infection often penetrates into the tooth. Name these structures:
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A slide mount of an ovary presents a rounded structure with glandular cells that contain lipid droplets. Name this structure:
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A microspecimen of heart shows rectangular cells from 50 to 120 micrometer in size with central position of nucleus and developed myofibrils. The cells are connected by intercalated discs.These cells are responsible for the following function:
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After inhalation of dust a person develops cough, which results from stimulation of:
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Electric current has affected skeletal muscle fiber resulting in depolarization of the membrane. Depolarization developsdue to the following ions penetrating the membrane:
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An experimental animal, a dog, received a weak solution of hydrochloric acid through a tube inserted into the duodenum. Primarily it will result in increased secretion of the following hormone:
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A woman presents with edemas. In her urine there is a large amount of protein excreted. What nephron segment is functionally disturbed in this case?
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A patient suffers from diabetes mellitus with fasting hyperglycemia over 7.2 mmol/L. What blood plasma protein would allow to assess the patient’s glycemia level retrospectively (4-8 weeks prior to examination)?
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The patient exhausted by starvation presents with intensification of the following process in the liver and kidneys:
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Mucin aggregates retain water, which results in their viscosity and protective action. It is possible because mucin structure contains:
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A diabetus mellitus patient developed unconsciousness and convulsions after administration of insulin. What result of blood glucose analysis is the most likely in this case?
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Chronic overdosage of glucocorticoids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
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A patient with glossitis presents with disappearance of lingual papillae, reddening and burning pain in the tongue. Blood test: erythrocytes - 2,2 × 1012/l, hemoglobin - 103 g/l, color index - 1.4. What type of anemia is it?
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A pregnant woman developed severe toxemia with exhausting recurrent vomiting throughout a day. By the end of the day she developed tetanic convulsions and dehydration. The described changes were caused by the following type of acid-base imbalance:
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A 13-year-old girl is an in-patient at the hematology department of the regional children’s hospital. She was diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. What type of hypoxia does this patient have?
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A 55-year-old man was diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. Name the main mechanism of anemia development in this case:
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A man, who for a long time has been suffering from chronic mandibular osteomyelitis, died of chronic kidney disease. Autopsy revealed large lardaceous kidneys. What process had occurred in the kidneys?
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Macroscopic examination of lung tissue revealed areas of high airiness with small bubbles. Histological examination revealed thinning and rupture of alveolar septa accompanied by formation of large diversiform cavities. What disease was revealed in the lung?
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On autopsy of a 69-year-old woman, who for a long time had been suffering from hypertension, the pathologist determined that both of her kidneys are dense, markedly diminished, with finegrained surface. These changes are indicative of:
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Autopsy of a man who died of ethylene glycol poisoning revealed that his kidneys are slightly enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily removed. Cortical substance is broad and light gray. Medullary substance is dark red. What pathology did this man develop?
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significant short coming of microscopy in infection diagnostics is its insufficient information value due to morphological similarity between many species of microorganisms. What immunoassay can significantly increase informativity of this method?
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What drugs are used for specific treatment of diphtheria?
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An ophthalmologist suspects blennorrhea (gonococcal conjunctivitis)in a child with signs of suppurative keratoconjunctivitis. What laboratory diagnostics should be conducted to confirm the diagnosis?
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Analysis of sputum taken from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed slightly elongated gram-positive diplococci with tapered opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum?
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