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KROK 1 Dentistry 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A 30-year-old man complains of a fever of 38°C, weakness, and sore throat. Examination detects a white coating on the patient's tongue. What histological structures of the tongue take part in the formation of this coating?
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A tooth was extracted in a 40-year-old man. After the extraction a wound remained in the area. Active regeneration can be observed on the wound surface. What organelles ensured that the regeneration occurred in the first place, based on their functions?
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Examination of a woman's oral cavity shows that her buccal mucosa, the floor of the mouth, and soft and hard palate are hyperemic. The mucosa is dull, has numerous small ulcers, and is covered in opaque mucus. Make the diagnosis:
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Healthy parents gave birth to with cleft lip and cleft palate, abnormal thumbs, and microcephaly. The child's karyotype is 47, 18+. What mutation caused this hereditary disease?
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Mother with a 12-year-old child came to the gastroenterologist. She complains of a loss of appetite and meteorism in her child. Endoscopically, the child was diagnosed with biliary dyskinesia. In the duodenal contents there were pear- shaped protozoa with two nuclei and multiple flagella. What disease is the most likely in this case?
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A patient was hospitalized with damaged cervical segments of the spinal cord. How many segments are there in this part of the spinal cord?
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During an exam a student is analyzing a histological slide of decalcified carious tooth. The student noted dilated dark blue dentinal tubules with thickenings that merge into cavities (caverns) and transversal fissures in the dentin. Such morphological changes are characteristic of the following zone of the carious dentin:
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A man was diagnosed with anacid gastritis and prescribed acidin- pepsin tablets (Betaine + Pepsin) to improve the functioning of his stomach. What type of treatment is it?
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A patient with streptococcal pneumonia was prescribed an antimicrobial agent that disrupts the formation of microbial membranes. Name this drug:
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A medical laboratory scientist during analysis additionally noted that the blood sample belongs to a woman. What blood corpuscles have structural differences in women, allowing to reach this conclusion?
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Narrowing of a large blood vessel resulted in a disturbed blood efflux from the left ventricle. What vessel was pathologically changed in this case?
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A student, who unexpectedly met his girlfriend, developed an increase in systemic arterial pressure. This pressure change was caused by the intensified activation of the following reflexes:
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Computed tomography scan of the patient's brain detected a tumor, localized in the region of the inferior salivatory nucleus. What part of brain is
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In XIV century bubonic plague within 20 years took the lives of 73% of population in Europe and Asia. What representative of the Arthropoda phylum is the carrier of the causative agents of this disease?
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Fluorination is one of the main methods for increasing enamel resistance to caries. Fluorine anti-caries action is associated with:
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Mucin aggregates retain water, which results in their viscosity and protective action. It is possible because mucin structure contains:
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A patient suffers from disturbed blood supply of superior lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres. What blood vessel is damaged?
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Cystoscopy shows normal bladder mucosa that forms folds everywhere on its surface, except for one triangular patch, where it is smooth instead. Where in the bladder can this triangle be located?
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In the maxillofacial department an oral surgeon is studying the patient's maxillary buttresses. How many buttresses are there on the upper jaw?
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Experimental study of membrane ion currents showed that in the dynamics of action potential development an avalanche of sodium ion influx occurs in the cell during the following phase:
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The patient's saliva has been tested for antibacterial activity. What saliva component has antibacterial
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During his ascent into the a mountain climber mountains, euphoria, developed headache, dizziness, palpitations, and intermittent dyspnea and apnea. What acid-base developed in the mountain imbalance climber?
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A woman developed a risk of termination of her premature pregnancy. It is likely to be caused by deficiency of a certain hormone. Name this hormone:
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Hydroxyproline is an important amino acid in the structure of collagen. This amino acid forms in the result of proline hydroxylation. What vitamin takes part in the process of proline hydroxylation?
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Blood test shows low hemoglobin levels. What function of the blood will be disturbed in this case?
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Autopsy of 86-year-old woman, suffered from who cerebral atherosclerosis, shows atrophy of her cerebral cortex. Name this type of atrophy based on its cause:
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For oral cavity rinsing, a patient was prescribed a nitrofuran drug in tablets for topical application. Name this drug:
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A patient with ischemic heart discase was prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for prevention of thrombus formation. Name this drug:
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In an experiment, a surgery was performed on an animal. The common bile duct was ligated, which resulted in cholestasis and jaundice development. What type of jaundice based on its mechanism of development can be observed in the test animal?
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A woman with bronchial asthma was taking her medicine daily, thrice a day, sublingually. After a time she developed tachycardia, pain in the area of her heart, dizziness, low blood pressure, and easy fatigability. What pills was the woman taking?
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A group of first-year students during their science club meeting decided to study their karyotype, using the method of sex chromatin analysis. What material is used most often for such analysis?
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Antitoxic sera are used for prevention and treatment of:
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A 50-year-old man with pulmonary fibrosis presents with respiratory failure. What mechanism is the main cause of this condition?
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Lymphocytes and other cells in our bodies synthesize universal antiviral agents in response to the body's exposure to viruses. Name these anti-viral protein factors:
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Genetic code degeneracy means that a single amino acid can be coded by more than one triplet. What amino acid can be coded by only one triplet?
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A patient with Cushing syndrome presents with persistent hyperglycemia and glucosuria. This patient is likely to have increased synthesis and secretion of the following hormone:
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Bacterioscopy of the smears prepared from the patient's cerebrospinal fluid and stained according to Romanowsky-Giemsa revealed crescent-shaped protozoa with tapered ends, blue cytoplasm, and ruby-red nucleus. These protozoa are the causative agents of:
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A woman with ischemic heart was hospitalized into the disease cardiology department. What medicine should she be given to stop the ciliary arrhythmia attack?
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A urine sample was taken via a catheter from the urinary bladder of a 17-year-old young man. Microscopy of the urine precipitate can detect cells of the epithelium that lines the urinary bladder. What epithelium is
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A 7-year-old child lives in a region with fluorine content of over 2 mg/L in the drinking water. On the child's incisors of the upper and lower jaw a dentist detected white spots and streaks, resembling chalk or porcelain and taking up approximately half of the crown surface. Single pigmented spots were detected as well. The lesions are localized within the enamel and do not spread to the dentin. What disease is it?
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