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KROK 1 Dentistry 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A patient loses his equilibrium, when in an upright position with his eyes closed. What brain structures are the most likely to be damaged in this patient?
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On the day before a surgery, the patient was stressed out. This condition is associated with high blood levels of the following hormone:
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Ketone bodies were detected in the urine of a patient. Ketone bodies appear in the urine during the following disease:
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The patient’s joints are enlarged and painful. The patient’s blood urate levels are high. Name this pathology:
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Various substances can be used as anticoagulants. Among them there is a certain naturally derived polysaccharide. Name this polysaccharide:
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After an insulin injection, a patient with diabetes mellitus developed unconsciousness and convulsions. What result will be shown by the biochemical test for blood sugar in this case?
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Mucin aggregates retain water, which results in their viscosity and protective action. It is possible because mucin Structure contains:
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A 58-year-old man has a clinical presentation of acute pancreatitis. This diagnosis can be confirmed, if urine levels of a certain substance are elevated. Name this substance:
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Tyrosine is used as a substrate in thyroxine synthesis. What chemical element takes part in this process?
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After anaesthetic application during tooth extraction the patient developed marked soft tissue edema of the upper and lower jaw, skin rash on the face, reddening, and itching. What pathological process results in such reaction to the anaesthetic?
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A 43-year-old woman against the background of septic shock presents with thrombocytopenia, decreased fibrinogen levels, fibrin degradation products appearing in the blood, and petechial hemorrhages. Specify the cause of these changes:
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A pregnant woman developed severe toxemia with exhausting recurrent vomiting throughout a day. By the end of the day she developed tetanic convulsions and dehydration. The described changes were caused by the following type of acid-base imbalance:
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At the sixth month of pregnancy a woman developed marked iron-deficiency anemia. The diagnostic character of this disease is the appearance of the following in the blood:
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A patient has chronic multiple bronchiectasis complicated with severe nephropathy with massive edematous syndrome. Laboratory tests detect marked proteinuria, cylindruria, significant decrease of the serum protein levels, hyperlipidemia, hypokalemia, and other abnormalities. Name the primary and the most significant pathogenetic link of edema development in this patient:
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A patient developed a keloid scar in the area of a purulent skin inflammation (carbuncle). At what stage of inflammation does it occur?
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A patient with essential hypertension has increased blood vasopressin levels. This hormone has an effect on the functioning of the following organ:
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A certain disease of infection-allergic or unknown origin leads to bilateral diffuse or focal non-suppurative inflammation of renal glomerular apparatus with characteristic renal and extrarenal signs. Name this disease:
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A patient with diabetes mellitus developed a pain in the right leg. The tissues of the big toe became black and edematous, desquamation of the epidermis is observed and a foul-smelling discharge is produced. Specify the pathological process:
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A skin neoplasm was removed from a patient. The neoplasm is a dense node with a papillary surface that resembles a cauliflower. Microscopically the tumor consists of numerous papillae. Its parenchyma is formed from the covering epithelium with increased number of layers. The epithelium retains the cell polarity, as well as its stratification and intactness of the proper membrane. The tumor stroma is located within the center of the papillae. Make the diagnosis:
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An autopsy of a person with malaria shows markedly icteric skin, sclerae, and mucosal tunics. The spleen is enlarged and colored slate-gray. Such color of the spleen is caused by the presence of:
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Autopsy of an 86-year-old woman, who suffered from cerebral atherosclerosis, shows atrophy of her cerebral cortex. Name this type of atrophy based on its cause:
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A patient died of a cardiopulmonary insufficiency. His heart is enlarged, the wall of his right ventricle is thickened on section, and the cavity is dilated. Characterize the pathological process:
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A sputum sample obtained from a tuberculosis patient was sent to a bacteriological laboratory. Bacterioscopy of smear microslides for detection of the tubercle bacillus requires the following staining method:
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An inoculation of pus, obtained from a furuncle, revealed spheric microorganisms arranged in “grape clusters” What microbes were detected?
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An ophthalmologist suspects blennorrhea (gonococcal conjunctivitis) in a child with signs of suppurative keratoconjunctivitis. What laboratory diagnostics should be conducted to confirm the diagnosis?
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A person bitten by a stray dog came to the surgeon’s office. Wide lacerated wounds are localized on the patient’s face. What rabies-prevention aid should be provided to this person?
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2 months after a kidney transplantation, the patient’s condition deteriorated. Based on laboratory analysis, it was determined that transplant rejection started. What factor of the immune system plays the Key role in the reaction of transplant rejection?
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A patient was delivered into a hospital with the provisional diagnosis of botulism. What serological reaction should be used for detection of botulinum toxin in the material being analyzed?
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For a surgery in the maxillofacial area, cholinergic agents are used to decrease salivation. What drug of those listed below would you recommend for this purpose?
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Specify the concentration of ethyl alcohol that has the most active antimicrobial action in a protein- containing medium:
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During an appointment with the dentist, a patient developed a bronchial asthma attack. What does this patient need to be prescribed to terminate the bronchospasm?
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After a cold the patient developed impaired perception of pain and thermal Stimuli in the front 2/3 of the tongue. What nerve was damaged in this case?
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A patient complains that even small traumas lead to persistent hemorrhages. Laboratory analysis shows disturbed blood composition, namely a low count of the following blood corpuscles:
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In the blood plasma of a healthy person there are several dozens of proteins. Illness leads to production of new proteins, in particular ”acute-phase proteins” Name one such protein:
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A patient presents with osteoporosis. Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia are observed in the patient’s blood. What is the cause of this condition?
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A urine sample was taken via a catheter from the urinary bladder of a 17-year-old young man. Microscopy of the urine precipitate in this case can detect cells of the epithelium that lines the urinary bladder. What epithelium is it?
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An AIDS patient presents with revertase enzyme activity in the cells affected by HIV infection. This enzyme takes part in the synthesis of the following nucleic acid:
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A patient being treated for viral B hepatitis developed signs of hepatic failure. What changes in the blood test that indicate a protein metabolism disorder will most likely be observed in this case?
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A student, who unexpectedly met his girlfriend, developed an increase in systemic arterial pressure. This pressure change was caused by the intensified realization of the following reflexes:
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A patient with signs of anxiety, fear, uncertainty, and mental strain was prescribed diazepam. What mechanism of tranquilizing action can be observed in this case?
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