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KROK 1 Dentistry 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A patient has a parotid gland inflammation. What nerve is involved in the inflammatory process in this case?
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In hot weather the bus passengers asked to open the roof hatches. What way of heat transfer is activated in this situation?
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In some hereditary diseases (e.g., Kearns-Sayre syndrome), mitochondrial destruction can be observed. What cellular processes can be disturbed in the result?
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Lower limbs of a patient with varicose veins were examined. The patient’s legs are cyanotic and pastose, skin temperature is low, single petechiae are observed. What disturbance of hemodynamics is it?
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Mother of a 2-year-old child with delayed physical and mental development has made an appointment with the genetic consultation. What method allows the doctor to rule out chromosomal abnormalities?
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An inoculation of intestinal microorganisms on the Endo medium results in the growth of colonies that can be either colored or colorless. This process is based on the fermentation of a certain carbohydrate. Name this carbohydrate:
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A deletion of the short arm of the Sth chromosome was detected in the somatic cells of an abortive human fetus. Specify the number of autosomes in the karyotype of this organism:
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During a preventive examination, microbial cysts with eight nuclei were detected in the feces of a cafeteria worker. These cysts belong to the following protozoa:
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Roentgenologically confirmed obstruction of common bile duct resulted in preventing bile from inflowing to the duodenum. What process is likely to be disturbed?
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A patient was diagnosed with Klinefelter’s syndrome. The patient with this disease will have the karyotype (47 XXY). How many sex chromosomes are in this complement?
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A patient with streptococcal pneumonia was prescribed an antimicrobial agent that disrupts the formation of microbial membranes. Name this drug:
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Name the state of the biosphere, where the human mental activity is the key developmental factor:
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Brain investigation by means of nuclear magnetic resonance revealed the patient to have a hematoma in the genu of the internal capsule. What pathway is damaged in this case?
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A teenager with impaired visual acuity came to an ophthalmologist. The doctor explained that this condition was caused by a spasm of accommodation. What component of an eyeball is a part of accommodation apparatus?
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A patient with a severe toothache that lasted for several days made no appointment with a doctor and engaged in self-treatment instead. As a result, his tooth needs to be extracted. What analgesic increases the probability of a hemorrhage developing after the tooth is extracted?
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To improve tooth mineralization, dentists prescribe CO2+ preparations. This substance HAS NO EFFECT on the following processes in an organism:
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During dental manipulations in the oral cavity, a woman felt unwell: she developed headache and palpitations. Blood pressure measurement revealed a systolic pressure of 170 mm Hg. What is the normal value (mm Hg) of human systolic blood pressure?
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A patient is diagnosed with stomatitis caused by herpes simplex virus, type 1 and 2 What medicine that is an analogue of nucleosides and is converted by thymidine kinase can provide highly effective selective antiviral therapy?
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I.M. Sechenov determined that a tired limb restores its working ability faster at rest, if the other limb is exerted at the same time. This discovery became the foundation of the doctrine of:
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To clarify the diagnosis of a 15-year-old patient, it is necessary to perform a Sialography of the parotid gland. Where is the opening, through which a radiocontrast agent will be introduced in this case?
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A man is being examined in the maxillofacial surgery department and the doctor studies his mandibular buttresses. How many buttresses are there on the lower jaw?
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A 23-year-old man developed a perforation in his hard palate. A dense formation with clear margins was detected in this area. After a surgery, microscopy of the excised formation showed there a large focus of caseous necrosis surrounded with a granulation tissue with endovasculitis and a cellular infiltration consisting of lymphocytes and epithelioid cells with predominance of plasma cells. What is the most likely disease in this case?
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A patient delivered to the neurological department presents with increased inhibition processes in the central nervous system. What neurotransmitter can cause this condition, when in excess?
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Fluorination is one of the main methods for improvement of enamel resistance. The mechanism of fluorine anticaries action is based on:
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A 38-year-old man with chronic alcoholism died of progressve heart failure. An autopsy shows lobar pleuropneumonia in the lower lobe of the right lung. Histology shows a fibrinous exudate and segmented leukocytes in the alveoli. Determine the stage of croupous pneumonia:
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During a dental manipulation, the patient developed an angina pectoris attack. What group of drugs needs to be prescribed for the emergency aid in this case?
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During a surgery on the oral diaphragm, a surgeon needs to locate an area that is called a "submandibular triangle" What muscle bounds this area?
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A 16-year-old girl, who has been Starving herself for a long time to lose weight, developed an edema. This phenomenon is mainly caused by:
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An older person presents with changes in the force of cardiac contractions and in the physical properties of the vasculature, which is clearly visible in the graphic recording of the pulse waves over the carotid artery. What examination method was used?
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A 1.5-year-old child on examination has deformed legs and foci of thickening in the area of the ribs and wrists. A dentist pointed out the late eruption of teeth, disturbed order of tooth eruption, uneven mineralization of the enamel and dentin, and horizontal configuration of the upper jaw that forms a high-arched palate. What disease developed in this child?
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A patient was delivered into the admission room. He has the signs of acute heart failure: pallor, acrocyanosis, frequent and shallow respirations. What medicine of those listed below is indicated in this case?
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Mucus is known to always cover the epithelium of the nasal cavity proper. What cells of the mucosal epithelium in the nasal cavity synthesize mucus?
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A man came to the virology laboratory of an infectious diseases hospital. He needs to be examined for HIV infection. What methods of laboratory diagnostics for HIV infection and AIDS are currently used in Ukraine?
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A dentist used a solution of potassium permanganate as an antiseptic. This preparation has a bactericidal effect because of:
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A patient has markedly dilated subcutaneous veins in the area of the anterior abdominal wall around the umbilical region. In what vessel would there be elevated blood pressure, contributing to these symptoms?
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After an exposure to radiation, the patient is recommended to include more vegetable oils in his diet as they are a source of polyene fatty acids. Name the acid that has three double bonds:
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A 56-year-old man with a heart defect complains of leg edemas that lately started to occur more often. Name the local pathogenetic factor of edema development in this case:
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A patient has suffered a head injury. On examination there is a subcutaneous hematoma in the temporal area. What vessel was damaged, resulting in hematoma development?
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When divers quickly rise from the depths to the surface, they risk developing decompression sickness that can result in death caused by gas embolism. What gas is produced in this case?
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During a car accident, a person received a strong blow to the epigastric region, which caused a cardiac arrest. What was the likely cause of such changes in the cardiac activity?
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