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KROK 1 Dentistry 2021 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2021 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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X-ray detected pus accumulation in the sphenoidal sinus. The pus is being excreted into the following nasal meatus:
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A patient has received a trauma to the calvaria. What sinuses are likely to be damaged?
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A 43-year-old woman against the background of septic shock presents with thrombocytopenia, decreased fibrinogen levels, fibrin degradation products appearing in the blood, and petechial hemorrhages. Specify the cause of these changes:
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A 16-year-old girl, who has been starving herself for a long time to lose weight, developed an edema. This phenomenon is mainly caused by:
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A 32-year-old woman underwent removal of a brown fungiform gingival neoplasm. Microscopically, it consists of connective tissue with numerous sinusoidal vessels, large multinucleated cells, and small mononuclear cells. There are small hemorrhages and hemosiderin deposits, as well. What type of neoplasm is it?
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A histology slide of the heading end of an embryo at 5 weeks of gestation shows pharyngeal arches. What develops from the first pair of these structures?
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In the course of a surgery, the fibers of the 12th pair of cranial nerves were damaged. This damage manifested as:
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A man uses dentures. The dentist has noticed mucosal lesions with a white coating in his oral cavity. Microscopy of the coating detected large oval Gram- positive cells. What microorganisms have caused stomatitis in the patient?
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A patient came to a dentist complaining of fever and characteristic small vesicles on the buccal, palatal, and lingual mucosa. The dentist suspects herpetic stomatitis. What additional test is necessary to confirm the diagnosis?
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A 38-year-old man with chronic alcoholism died of progressive heart failure. An autopsy shows lobar pleuropneumonia in the lower lobe of the right lung. Histology shows a fibrinous exudate and segmented leukocytes in the alveoli. Determine the stage of croupous pneumonia:
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A 57-year-old man with chronic pyelonephritis developed What hypertension. arterial the main is mechanism of arterial pressure increase in this case?
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A patient presents with aspermia. What organ is functionally disturbed?
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After a trauma a man is unable to extend his arm in the elbow joint. It can be caused by disturbed function of the following muscle:
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A teenager with impaired visual acuity came to an ophthalmologist. The doctor explained that this condition was caused by a spasm of accommodation. What component of an eyeball is a part of accommodation apparatus?
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A man came to the dentist complaining of problems with chewing. Backward movement of his lower jaw is painful. The dentist determined inflammation of a masticatory muscle in this patient. Which muscle is inflamed in this case?
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Heart auscultation detected a systolic murmur in the II intercostal space on the left parasternal line. In this case, the doctor was able to auscultate a pathology of the:
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Phenylketonuria belongs to the following group or molecular metabolic diseases:
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A student uses percussion to determine the cardiac border that projects on the anterior thoracic wall at the level of the third costal cartilage. What cardiac border is being determined?
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Several patients with similar complaints came to the doctor. They all present with weakness, pain in the intestines, indigestion. Feces analysis revealed the need for urgent hospitalization of the patient, who had microbial cysts with four nuclei detected in his samples. Such cysts are characteristic of the following protozoon:
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With age a person develops wrinkled skin. This condition is predominantly caused by changes in certain skin structures. Name these structures:
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Appendicitis can be mistaken for a liver or gallbladder disorder if the vermiform appendix is in the following position:
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A 35-year-old woman is brought to the physician because of a 4-month history of progressive weakness of both lower limbs. She notes difficulty climbing stairs and complains of lethargy and loss of muscle bulk. Her diet consists primarily of "polished" rice. A diagnosis of dry beriberi is suspected. Deficiency of which of the following vitamins is most likely to be detected in her blood?
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A patient came to the doctor with complaints of general weakness and sleep disturbances. Objectively the patient's skin is yellow. In blood there is increased concentration of direct bilirubin and bile acids. Acholic stool is observed. What condition can be characterized by these changes?
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In the wall of a blood vessel there is a large number of elastic fibers in all the layers. The middle layer contains elastic fenestrated membranes. Such characteristics of the vessel wall structure are caused by the following factors:
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Autopsy of the body of a 43-year-old man, who died of cardiopulmonary failure, shows a cavity 3 cm in diameter, filled with viscous green-gray content, in the lower lobe of the right lung. Histology shows that the wall of this structure is made of connective tissue and immature granulation tissue, while the lumen contains neutrophilic leukocytes and products of their breakdown. What type of inflammation is it?
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To determine functional state of the patient's liver, the analysis of animal indican excreted with urine was conducted. This substance is produced in the process of detoxification of putrefaction products of a certain amino acid, which takes place in the large intestine. Name this amino acid:
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A patient came to the dentist for tooth extraction. After the tooth had been extracted, the bleeding from the socket persisted for 15 minutes. The patient has a history of active chronic hepatitis. What is the likely cause of the prolonged bleeding time?
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A man developed a malignant neoplasm in his tongue. What allow characteristics of this tumor identifying it as malignant?
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A child has a congenital immunodeficiency. The cell-mediated immunity is affected, causing frequent viral infections. It is likely to be caused by a disorder of the following organ:
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A deciduous second molar was extracted in a 13-year-old child. What permanent tooth will replace the extracted one?
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A 55-year-old man with radiation sickness was brought into the hospital with signs of hemorrhagic syndrome. What changes in his blood are the most important in the pathogenesis of this syndrome?
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A teenager with impaired visual acuity came to an ophthalmologist. The doctor explained that this condition was caused by a spasm of accommodation. What component of an eyeball is a part of accommodation apparatus?
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A patient with dislocated jaw was given a short-acting muscle relaxant by a doctor. Name this drug:
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During examination of the patients, a dentist noted that many of them have dull, non-glossy enamel with porcelain- like and pigmented spots. Some patients have single or multiple enamel defects that manifest as colorless or pigmented erosions. These changes in the teeth result from the excessive intake of a certain substance by the organism. Name this substance:
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Patient has a penetrating wound of the oral diaphragm. What muscle must be sutured to restore the intactness of the floor of the mouth?
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One of the tinics of a hollow organ has anastomotic fibers with nuclei. The fibers consist of cells that form intercalated disks at the places of their contact. What tissue forms this tunic?
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Oral examination of a child revealed that the first upper molars have already erupted. What is the age of this child?
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A 30-year-old patient has markedly positive Wassermann reaction (++++). What infectious diagnosed, using the reaction?
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In a car accident, a driver has received multiple traumas to the side of his head, including a zygomatic arch fracture. What muscle will impaired in this case?
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What hormone has a marked anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, immunosuppressive effect?
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