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KROK 1 Dentistry 2022 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2022 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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The conductivity of nerve fibers was. studied in an experiment. At first, the axon was stimulated with a threshold stimulus. Then three more stimuli of the same strength as the first were applied. What impulse will be produced after the last stimulus?
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Examination revealed a carious cavity on the masticatory surface of the patient's first upper left molar. The cavity has a conic shape, with its apex pointing towards the dental root. Between the cavity and the pulp there are areas of softened, transparent, and replacement dentin. What stage of caries was detected in the patient?
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In protein biosynthesis that occurs in a eukaryotic cell, one of the stages is the conversion of pro-mRNA into mRNA. As a result of this process, mRNA «matures». Name this process.
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Before the sports competition, an increase in blood pressure and heart rate is observed in the athletes. What part of the CNS causes these changes?
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A patient has high levels of blood aldosterone. What physiologically active substance is likely to have contributed to this condition?
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What is the heart rate of a patient diagnosed with paroxysmal tachycardia?
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Accelerated synthesis of a certain polysaccharide precedes the deposition of mineral salts into the organic matrix of the tooth. Name this polysaccharide:
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A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed with bronchial asthma that manifests as periodic asthma attacks. What type of respiratory failure is observed in the woman during the asthma attack?
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Auscultation detects a murmur in the projection of the patient's cardiac apex. What heart valve is likely to have a defect in this case?
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A proteolytic enzyme was prescribed the treatment of abscessing for parodontosis. Name this drug:
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Thirty minutes after drinking mango juice, a child suddenly developed a limited swelling on the soft palate that hindered swallowing and later breathing. The mucosa in the area of the swelling is hyperemic and painless. Blood test 15 detected eosinophilia. The child's body temperature is normal. From the family history it is known that the child's older sister had bronchial asthma attacks. What type of edema did this child most likely develop?
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A 52-year-old woman was injected with a local anesthetic before the tooth extraction. What mechanism of action underlies the analgesic effect of this drug?
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Autopsy of the body of a woman who died of uremia revealed the kidneys 7x3.5x2 cm in size, with an evenly fine-grained surface and a pale medullary layer thinned down to 0.3 cm. Histology shows sclerosis and hyalinosis of the majority of glomeruli, hyalinosis of the arterioles, sclerosis of artery walls with concentric narrowing of the lumen, and atrophic changes in the tubules. What pathology can be characterized by such macro-and microscopic changes in the kidneys?
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A patient diagnosed with cardiogenic shock needs intravenous administration of a non-glycoside cardiotonic. What drug must be used in this case?
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Histology of the heart valves of a patient who died of acute heart failure revealed mucoid edema, fibrinoid changes, sclerosis, and fresh and old thrombi on the obturating edge of the valve. What form of endocarditis is observed in the deceased?
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A man came to a dentist with complaints of pain, redness, and swelling of the gums. He was provisionally diagnosed with herpetic gingivostomatitis. What virus can cause man this disease?
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Blood stains were found on the clothes of a person accused of murder. What reaction can prove that it is human blood?
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A 65-year-old man developed acute mandibular osteomyelitis. Within 3 days. he developed a marked edema of the skin and submandibular soft tissues of the neck. Microscopy detected there a diffuse infiltration with neutrophils. What complication of the underlying disease did the patient develop?
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A 24-year-old man died of acute cardiopulmonary failure. During the last two days he complained of a cough with a small amount of «rusty» sputum, chest pain on the right that intensified sharply during breathing, and a fever of 39°C. Autopsy of the body revealed red, dense, and airless lower pulmonary lobes; the pleura is covered in fibrin threads and membranes. The deceased was diagnosed with bilateral pleuropneumonia of the lower pulmonary lobes. What stage of pneumonia was most likely in this man?
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In an experiment, the oxygen supply to an isolated mammalian nerve cell was completely stopped. How will the resting potential change in this case?
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A patient, who was taking a blood pressure-lowering drug, complains of dry mouth. What antihypertensive agent has such a side effect?
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A man presents with impaired pupillary reflex. His pupils are narrowed and he poorly orients in a dark room. What eyeball muscle is dysfunctional in this case?
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During mitosis, and movement poles of the cell has been up centriole 10 chromosome toward disjunction opposite disturbed because of the decay of microtubules, contained in the centrioles. What protein makes microtubules?
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Neutrophils were detected in the histoslides of connective tissue. What function do these cells perform when they migrate from the blood to the tissues?
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A patient with inflammation of the nasal mucosa and a disturbed sense of smell came to the otorhinolaryngology department. What area of the nasal mucosa is most likely to be affected in this case?
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Vitamin D in the human body undergoes a number of biochemical transformations with formation of its most bioactive derivative - calcitriol. What hormone is needed to activate the enzymatic reactions of oxidative hydroxylation of this vitamin in the kidneys?
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A man with alcoholism was diagnosed with hepatic cirrhosis. Over the past six months, he developed varicose veins on his abdomen, splenomegaly, and ascites (portal hypertension syndrome). What complication is most likely to be lethal for the patient?
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A patient had an angina pectoris attack during a visit to the dentist. What drug must be used in this case?
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A child presents with caries development and disturbed osteogenesis due to an insuff icient intake of a certain microelement. Name this microelement:
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A person has an upper jaw injury one of the first premolars was knocked out. What maxillary process is damaged in this case?
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