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KROK 1 Dentistry 2022 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2022 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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Dysfunction of the islets of Langerhans causes a decrease in the production of certain substances. Name these substances:
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Divers risk developing decompression sickness, when they rapidly rise from the depths to the surface, which can be lethal due to gas embolism. What gas is released in this case?
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Glucosuria develops because of impaired renal function. What pathological process can cause the development of glucosuria?
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Autopsy of the body of a 43-year-old man, who died of heart and lung failure, detected a cavity 3 cm in diameter in his lower right pulmonary lobe. The cavity is filled with green-gray contents. Histology revealed that the wall of this formation is made up of connective tissue and juvenile granulation tissue; the lumen contains neutrophilic leukocytes and their decay products. What type of inflammation is it?
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Mitochondrial respiratory chain contains complex cytochrome proteins in its structure. What type of reactions do they catalyze?
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During preventive examination a man presents with enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmia, body temperature of 37.3°C, tachycardia, and trembling fingers. What pathology of the thyroid gland did the patient develop?
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A victim of a car accident had no respiratory or cardiac activity for 10 seconds. What terminal state can be characterized by these signs?
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What organ does not perform its functions in a patient diagnosed with aspermia?
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The patient's blood pressure was measured by auscultation of the vascular sounds. What is the name of the researcher who proposed this method of blood pressure measuring?
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A man had acute onset of the disease with high body temperature and enlarged painful spleen. On the 10th day of the disease, roseola-papular rash appeared on the skin of his abdomen. On the 21st day, the patient died of peritonitis. In the ileum of the deceased, autopsy revealed deep ulcers in the area of necrotized groups of lymphoid follicles (Peyer's patches), one of which perforated; fibrinopurulent diffuse peritonitis is observed. What disease can be characterized by these signs?
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A man bitten by a dog came to a surgeon's office. He has wide lacerations on his face. What aid must be provided for rabies prevention in this case?
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A person complains that lifting the lower jaw is problematic because of an incised wound in the area of the gonial angle. What muscle is likely to be damaged in this case?
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A woman complains of pain in her left lower jaw and lower teeth. What nerves are likely to be damaged in this case, causing these signs?
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A patient developed hypersalivation during dental manipulations. What group. of drugs can inhibit saliva production?
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During a visit to the dentist, the patient developed bronchospasm. What medicine must be used in this case?
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Blood plasma of a healthy person contains several dozens of proteins. A disease results in appearance of new proteins in the plasma, particularly the acute-phase proteins. Select an acute-phase protein from the list below.
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A patient was diagnosed with xeroderma pigmentosum that manifested in skin keratinization, eye damage, and dilation of capillaries. In this disease, prolonged exposure to UV radiation results in skin tumors. What exogenous factor will significantly aggravate the condition of a patient with this diagnosis?
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A patient diagnosed with streptococcal pneumonia was prescribed an antimicrobial drug that affects sensitive microorganisms by inhibiting their cell wall biosynthesis. Name this drug:
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A patient was diagnosed with caries and underwent an oropharyngeal swab. In the sample, microscopy detected unicellular organisms with wide pseudopodia; their cytoplasm is clearly divided into two layers, while the nucleus is barely visible. What protozoon was detected in the swab?
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A urinalysis is being made for a 17- year-old young man. What epithelial cells lining the bladder can be detected by urine sediment microscopy?
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A child born 10 days ago presents with a cleft upper lip («hare's lip»). What is the cause of this pathology?
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A 27-year-old man came to a doctor. Examination detects enlarged hands, feet, and lower jaw, deformed joints (kiphosis), and hormonal disorders (impotence and testicular atrophy). What gland is dysfunctional in this patient, as indicated by these signs?
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A child has signs of achondroplasia (dwarfism). This disease is known to be monogenic and the gene responsible for the development of this anomaly is dominant. The child's brother develops without pathologies. What will be genotype of the healthy child in this pair of siblings?
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The most common cause of incomplete lipid digestion in the digestive tract and an increase in the levels of neutral fats in the feces is a deficiency of a certain enzyme. Name this enzyme:
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A doctor has detected an inflammation of the patient's oral mucosa, accompanied by excruciating pain. What nerve is affected in this case?
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Two years after a tooth extraction, the patient presents with a decrease in the volume of the tooth socket. What pathological process does it indicate?
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Before diving underwater, pearl hunters make several deep inhales and exhales. Why do they do it?
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What drug that can penetrate into bone tissue and bone marrow is advisable for the treatment of skeletal system infections (osteomyelitis, osteitis)?
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A dentist has found an ulcer on the oral mucosa of a 7-year-old girl. The ulcer is 1.5 cm in diameter, it has uneven edges and a gray floor. After the ulcer scrape was stained using the Ziel-Nielsen technique, thin ruby-red bacilli were detected in the slide. The bacilli are isolated or arranged in chaotic clusters. This pathogen is characteristic of the following discase:
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In tubootitis, tympanic membrane retraction occurs. The handle of one of the auditory ossicles, connected to the tympanic membrane, becomes more horizontal. In such cases, the doctor needs to determine the position of the following bone during the examination:
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Examination of a woman revealed increased sweating, tachycardia, weight loss, and tremor. What endocrine pathology can cause these signs?
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Tyrosine is used as a substrate in the thyroxine synthesis. What chemical element takes part in this process?
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A large number of immunoglobulins with different antigenic specificity forms from a small number of genes. Name this process of immunoglobulin formation:
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What component of the parodontium performs the sensory function that regulates force of masticatory pressure applied to the teeth?
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A 6-year-old child with diphtheria developed skin rash 10 days after the administration of antitoxic diphtheria serum. The rash is accompanied by severe itching, fever, and joint pain. What is the most likely disease in this case?
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Diazepam has been prescribed to a patient who suffers from anxiety, fear, what mechanism of action ensures the tranquilizing effect of this medicine? insecurity, and mental stress.
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A bacteriological laboratory studies the quality of drinking water. The microbial count of the water sample is approximately 100. What microorganisms were taken into account during the analysis?
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A patient was diagnosed with thrombosis of the inferior mesenteric artery. What part of the intestine is affected in this case?
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In a 65-year-old man with portal hypertension, the substances that are being neutralized in the liver enter his general bloodstream through portocaval anastomoses. What type of hepatic coma will develop in the patient in this case?
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During the oral cavity examination, the dentist detected an inflammation of the tissues that surround the tooth. What anatomical structure is inflamed in this case?
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