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KROK 1 Dentistry 2022 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2022 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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An 18-year-old man came to a doctor with complaints of a facial deformity. Examination detected tumor-like formation on his lower jaw. Microscopy revealed that the thickened area of this formation consists of large homogeneous cells, such as histiocytes, and a large number of eosinophils. Horizontal resorption of the patient's interdental septa is observed. What tumor-like disease can be characterized by this histological presentation?
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Under the influence of ionizing radiation or in case of avitaminosis E, an increased permeability of lysosome membranes can be observed in the cells. What are the likely consequences of such pathology?
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A patient diagnosed with arthritis of the maxillofacial joint was taking a non-narcotic analgesic that is a paraaminophenol derivative. Select this drug from the list:
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During dental manipulations, the fibers of the twelfth pair of cranial nerves were damaged in the patient. What are the possible consequences of this injury?
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A man has high levels of protein-bound thyroxine (T4) and normal levels of free T3. How would you describe the basal metabolic rate of this man?
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To stimulate the labor activity of a woman, the doctor prescribed her prostaglandin E2. What acid is used to synthesize this compound?
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A child presents with reduced thyroid function from birth. What pathological condition can develop in this child as a result?
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A group of men came to a doctor with complaints of fever, headache, muscle pain, and swollen eyelids and face. These men are hunters and eat meat of wild animals. What disease can be characterized by these signs?
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Examination of the epithelial cells from the buccal mucosa of a man detected that the majority of cell nuclei contain one Barr body. What syndrome can be characterized by these findings?
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A 35-year-old woman came to a doctor with complains of weakness in both her legs throughout the last 4 months, problems with climbing upstairs, and inertness. A loss of muscle mass is observed in the woman. Her diet consists mainly of polished rice. She was provisionally diagnosed with beriberi. What vitamin deficiency is most likely to
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What amino acid substitution occurs during the formation of hemoglobin S?
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Name the dental tissue that is similar to bone tissue in terms of its development source, morphological organization, and mineralization degree:
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In an experiment, a human cell culture was irradiated with protons. As a result of irradiation, a damage to the nucleoli was observed. Formation of what organelles will be disrupted in this case?
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What ligaments connect the arches of the adjacent vertebrae?
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When working, a dentist has to remain standing for a long time, which can result in blood stasis in the leg veins and their varicose dilation. What specifically causes the blood stasis in this case?
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What nerves must be anesthetized for extraction of an upper third molar?
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A doctor determined that the patient had a genetic defect of lipoprotein lipase. What will be characteristic of the biochemical analysis of this patient's blood?
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An ultrasound of the heart of a 1.5-year-old child revealed incomplete closure of the cardiac foramen ovale. Where is it located in the heart?
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During an abdominal surgery, the patient developed a reflex cardiac arrest. Name the location of this reflex center:
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A child suffers from hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, and convulsions, especially on an empty stomach and in stressful situations. The child was diagnosed with von Gierke disease. What enzyme has a genetic defect in this case?
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The ability of teeth to resist the action of acid depends on the ratio of calcium and phosphorus in their enamel. What is the normal ratio of these elements?
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A woman had a formation with a fibrous capsule at the tip of her tooth. The formation was surgically removed. Microscopy shows that the formation consists of fibroblasts, macrophages, a small number of lymphocytes, plasma and xanthoma cells, cholesterol crystals, isolated cells of foreign bodies, as well as bands of stratified epithelium. Name this formation.
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The patient's ciliary body is damaged. What ocular apparatus is likely to be dysfunctional in this case?
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Branchial arches were detected in the histological slide of the cephalic pole of an embryo at 5 weeks of gestation. What structures develop from the first pair of these formations?
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A 43-year-old man has stomatitis, glossitis, and a smooth crimson tongue. His complete blood count shows the following: Hb 100 g/L, erythrocytes 2.3 102/L, color index 1.30. What pathological condition can be characterized by such clinical and laboratory findings?
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What drug belongs to the pharmacotherapeutic group of angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors?
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A patient with hypersensitivity sulfonamides needs conduction to anesthesia for a tooth extraction. What drug should be used in this case?
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A dental plaque swab was stained using the Burri-Gins technique. Microscopy of the swab revealed red cells of microorganisms against a dark brown background, with some of the bacteria surrounded by a light halo. What structure of the microorganisms was detected?
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Cysts with eight-core nuclei were found in the feces of a canteen worker during a preventive examination. Such cysts are characteristic of the following protozoon:
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In an experiment, thymus was removed from the newborn mice. After its removal, the blood of these mice exhibited low lymphocyte count, no production of antibodies, and no rejection of foreign tissues. In the work of which system of the body thymus plays an important role?
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Costal arch is important an topographic landmark of the human body. It is formed by the cartilage of the following ribs:
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What diuretic will have no diuretic effect in a patient diagnosed with Addison's disease?
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As a result of a nose injury, a boxer has lost his sense of smell. What cells were damaged in this case, causing this pathology?
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A patient needs a surgery on the cervical part of the trachea. Through what part of the neck will the surgeon access the trachea?
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The terminal segments of apocrine sweat glands contain myoepithelial cells. What is the function of these cells?
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A 59-year-old man was diagnosed with a transmural left ventricular myocardial infarction. He died of a true heart rupture - cardiac tamponade. What process in the infarction site could have contributed to the cardiac rupture in this case?
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An outbreak of intestinal infection registered at kindergarten. Bacteriology of the patient's feces detected no pathogenic bacteria. Electron microscopy revealed round formations with clear margins and a thick sleeve, resembling a wheel. What is the most likely causative agent of this infection?
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A human embryo unattached to the endometrium was detected in the uterine cavity. What stage of embryo development is it?
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A person came to the admission room with complaints of dry mouth, photophobia, and visual disturbances. Objective examination detected dry hyperemic skin, dilated pupils, and tachycardia. This person was diagnosed with Atropa belladonna alkaloids poisoning. What medicine must be used in this case?
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The leading role in the process of dentin and cementum mineralization belongs to osteocalcin protein that has a high ability to bind calcium ions due to the presence of residues of a certain modified amino acid in its polypeptide chain. Name this amino acid:
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