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KROK 1 Dentistry 2022 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2022 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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The cessation of a postmortem hemorrhage is associated with the effect of oxytocin on the uterine wall. What uterine membrane responds to this substance?
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Autopsy of the body of a deceased, who was diagnosed with tuberculosis, detected a cavity 3x2 cm in size in the upper right pulmonary lobe. The cavity communicates with the bronchus. The wall of the cavity is dense and consists of three layers: the inner one is pyogenic, in the middle there is a layer of tuberculous granulation tissue, and the external layer is made up of connective tissue. What disease can be characterized by these signs?
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After a tooth extraction, the patient developed bleeding. Blood test revealed a decrease in the prothrombin index. What vitamin deficiency can be the cause of this condition?
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A patient was diagnosed with caries complicated by chronic pulpitis. During an examination, the dentist found a proliferation of soft bright-pink tissue in the form of a polyp over the preserved part of the patient's dental crown. What disease can be characterized by these signs?
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During a surgery on the parotid gland, the surgeon ligated a vein passing through the center of this gland. Name this vein:
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A patient was hospitalized with the signs of acute blood loss. What is the leading component in the pathogenesis of posthemorrhagic shock?
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After the extraction of upper tooth number 7, air appeared in the tooth socket. The wall of what paranasal sinus is most likely to be breached in this case?
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A 5-year-old boy suffers from severe headache, nuchal rigidity vomiting without nausea, herpetic rash on his face, and fever. Bacteriology of what pathological material must be performed to confirm the provisional diagnosis of cerebrospinal meningitis?
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A man complains to a dentist about problems with chewing and pain that occurs when he moves his jaw backwards. The doctor detected an inflammation of a certain masticatory muscle in this patient. Name this muscle:
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A group of people came to a hospital complaining of weakness, intestinal pain, and indigestion. Their stool tests detected cysts with four nuclei that are characteristic of the following protozoon:
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Histological slide of a dental crown section shows a small number of collagen fibers (Korff fibersin) in the intercellular substance of dentin, arranged radially. What layer of dentin is it?
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What types of excretory ducts are distinguished in the large salivary glands?
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A patient diagnosed with stomatitis came to a dentist. Objectively, against the background of inflammatory reaction of the oral mucosa, increased salivation is observed, forcing the patient to spit constantly. What water-electrolyte metabolic imbalance is likely to develop in this case?
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A patient developed a seizure attack during a tooth extraction. What first aid medicine must be used in this case?
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What bioactive substance stimulates the release of bicarbonate ions by the cells of the pancreatic ducts?
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A patient has inflammation of the parotid salivary gland. What nerve can become involved in the inflammatory process?
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In a 46-year-old man, examination revealed the processes of cartilaginous tissue destruction in the knee joints. What are the specific features of cartilaginous tissue in this location?
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A histological slide shows a hematopoietic organ that consists of lobes of varying shape. Each lobe has its cortical and medullary substances. Such structure is characteristic of the following organ:
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Numerous substances dangerous to the body can get into the oral cavity with water and food. What components of saliva and gingival fluid provide protection against these compounds?
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Histology of the internal organs of a diseased woman, who in life was diagnosed with systemic collagenosis, revealed widespread vascular damage in the form of mucoid and fibrinoid swelling fibrinoid necrosis of arteriolar walls, and perivascular lymphoplasmacytic infiltrations. What type of inflammation can be characterized by these symptoms?
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A 23-year-old man has a perforation in his hard palate. In the area of this perforation, there is a dense formation with clear margins. Microscopy of this formation revealed a large focus of caseous necrosis, surrounded by granulation tissue with endovasculitis and cellular infiltrate, consisting of lymphocytes and epithelioid cells, with a predominance of plasma cells. What disease can be characterized by these findings?
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A patient diagnosed with acute pulpitis complains of toothache and swollen lower face on the side of the affected tooth. What is the leading mechanism of edema development in this disease?
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A 1.5-year-old child with signs of nitrate poisoning was brought to the admission department with persistent cyanosis, dyspnea, and convulsions. What form of hemoglobin causes these signs?
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After the extraction of the second upper molar, the patient developed bleeding from the tooth socket. What vessel is damaged in this case, causing the bleeding?
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After examination of a 6-year-old girl with sore throat, the doctor suspected diphtheria. He obtained a swab from the child's tonsils. What microscopic presentation is characteristic of the causative agent of this disease?
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What hormone stimulates the inclusion of calcium into the osteoblasts of dental bone tissues?
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A 58-year-old man was diagnosed with acute heart failure. He presents with a decreased 24-hour urine output. What pathogenetic mechanism is the cause of oliguria in this case?
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Examination of a patient detects neck thickening, exophthalmos, fever, and a pulse of 110/min. What hormone levels must be measured in the patient's blood?
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A woman underwent surgical removal of a mandibular tumor that had the appearance of a detached dense node. The section revealed a red tumor with white spots and small cysts. Histology shows that the tumor consists of giant multinucleated and small mononucleated cells, between which bone trabeculae are formed. What tumor can be characterized by such clinical and laboratory findings?
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Alkaline phosphatase catalyzes the reactions of phosphorus-ether bonds hydrolysis with release of phosphate ions that play an important role in the formation of bone mineral matrix. What factors ensure the course of such reactions?
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A scar made up of connective tissue has formed at the site of a healed wound. What substance is the main component of this type of connective tissue?
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A 63-year-old man was diagnosed with deep vein thrombophlebitis of the lower leg. What layer of these vessels is damaged in this case?
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What analgesic increases the risk of bleeding after a tooth extraction?
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A man diagnosed with arthritis of the maxillofacial joint came to a doctor. The doctor prescribed him an ointment with diclofenac sodium as the active substance. What is the mechanism of action of this medicine?
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What microflora predominates at the beginning of dental plaque formation on the tooth surface?
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A 56-year-old man diagnosed with a valvular malformation complains of leg edemas. What is the local pathogenetic factor of edema in this case?
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In an experiment, the dependence of the blood pressure from the vascular resistance was measured in animals. In what vessels will this resistance be the largest?
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During the autopsy of the woman's body, the ovarian section revealed a round formation 2.5 cm in diameter, filled with a clear light-yellow fluid and surrounded by a smooth shiny wall. What formation was detected during the autopsy?
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After extraction of an upper premolar, the patient bleeds from the alveolar socket. What should be used to stop the bleeding in this case?
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A 12-year-old girl has an ulcer 5 mm in diameter at the bottom of her oral cavity. The ulcer is surrounded with a bright red tissue that pales when pressed. An ulcer biopsy was performed. Microscopy revealed a tumor composed of numerous blood-filled cavities. The cavities are lined with a single layer of endothelial cells. Between them there is stroma, made up of loose connective tissue. What type of tumor can be characterized by such clinical and laboratory findings?
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