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KROK 1 Dentistry 2023 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2023 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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A patient with an angina pectoris attack was brought into the intensive care unit. What drug must be administered in this case to stop the angina pectoris attack?
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Examination of a patient detects calcinosis cutis, Raynaud's syndrome, esophageal motility disorder, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia. These changes are called CREST syndrome. What disease can be characterized by the described. changes?
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In an experiment, a dog was trained to develop a conditioned reflex in response to a flash of light. For this reflex to occur, a certain part of the cerebral cortex must be intact. What part of the cerebral cortex is it?
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In an experiment, ribosomes were destroyed in polychromatophilic erythroblasts of human red bone marrow. In this case, the synthesis of a certain specific protein will be disturbed. Name this protein.
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A 25-year-old patient undergoes dental procedures. Several minutes after the patient's oral cavity was lavaged with a furacilin (nitrofural) solution, the patient developed marked edema of the lips. What type of allergic reaction is in observed in this case?
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What condition can develop as a result of infusing large volumes of isotonic solutions?
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A patient is diagnosed with frontitis. He has a past history of maxillary sinusitis. What structure of the nasal cavity is the most likely pathway through which the infection was able to reach the frontal sinus?
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A culture of Gram-positive cocci was isolated from the oral cavity of a clinically healthy 25-year-old person. These cocci have a slightly elongated shape, are arranged in pairs or short chains, form a capsule, and exhibit alpha hemolysis on blood agar. This person is a carrier of the following pathogen:
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Enzyme cofactors include various derivatives of water-soluble vitamins. Which one of them is a component of aminotransferases?
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In an experiment, the common bile duct of a test animal was diverted outwards. What digestive processes become disturbed as a result?
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Amniocentesis detected karyotype 45, XO in fetal epithelial cells. The mother and father are healthy. What is the likely diagnosis in this case?
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A newborn failed to take his first breath. Autopsy revealed that despite unobstructed airways the lungs of the newborn were unable to stretch. What is the most likely cause of this condition?
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Two nucleotides have been lost in the sequence of DNA nucleotides due to the effect of radiation. What type of mutation occurred in the DNA strand?
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What structure in the cell becomes the main target, when exposed to ionizing radiation?
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Premature excitation that occurs in the ventricular myocardium:
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The sequence of DNA triplets determines the arrangement of amino acids in a protein molecule. This characteristic of the genetic code is called:
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Three days after the filling of the first right premolar, the patient developed pain under the right eye and persistent nasal congestion accompanied by the fever of 38°C and discharge of purulent mucus from the right nasal passage. What mistake was likely made by the doctor in this case?
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What receptors respond to changes in gas composition of the blood that enters the brain?
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A patient was diagnosed with ischemic heart disease and prescribed a calcium channel blocker agent. What drug is it?
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A student uses percussion to determine the cardiac border that projects on the anterior thoracic wall at the level of the third costal cartilage. What cardiac border is being determined?
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Several hours after a dental trauma, the tooth pulp has hyperemic vessels and marked tissue edema with isolated neutrophils and lymphocytes, while nerve fibers have minor dystrophic changes. What diagnosis is likely in this case?
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A 61-year-old patient died in the intensive care unit due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Previously, the patient underwent a surgery for acute purulent periostitis. Histology of necropsy materials revealed hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils, diffuse neutrophilic infiltration of the necrotically changed alveolar process of the jaw, regional purulent lymphadenitis, soft tissue phlegmon of the neck, bilateral polysegmental purulent pneumonia, splenomegaly, irreversible changes in cardiomyocytes and epithelium of the renal tubules, Postmortem bacteriology detected Staphylococcus aureus in the blood. What disease is the cause of these pathological manifestations?
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A 40-year-old patient with a poisoning caused by the chlorophos (metrifonate) insecticide was hospitalized into the toxicology department. What drug that blocks peripheral muscarinic acetylcholine receptors would be most effective in treatment of such poisoning?
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A person with signs of anxiety, fear, uncertainty, and mental strain was prescribed diazepam. What mechanism of its tranquilizing action can be observed. in this case?
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A patient diagnosed with chronic renal failure developed anorexia, dyspepsia, heart rhythm disturbances, and skin itching. What is the main mechanism of development of these disorders?
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The course of complete starvation consists of three stages. What is characteristic of the third (terminal) stage of starvation?
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A patient diagnosed with oral candidiasis was prescribed an antifungal drug. What drug was prescribed for this patient?
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In some hereditary diseases (e.g., Kearns-Sayre syndrome), mitochondrial destruction can be observed. What cellular processes can be disturbed as a result of it?
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A histological specimen of decalcified lower jaw shows bundles of thick collagen fibers around the root of a tooth. Between these fibers, loose fibrous connective tissue with blood vessels can be identified. What structure is it?
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There are several ways of ammonia neutralization in the body, with some organs having their own specific ways. What way of ammonia neutralization is characteristic of brain cells?
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A dentist administers anesthesia in the area of the upper second molar. What nerves does the doctor anesthetize?
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A patient diagnosed with gout has a significant increase in the levels of uric acid in the blood. Uric acid is the end product of the metabolism of:
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Gene expression is regulated by various mechanisms and activates upon induction of certain DNA regions. Name these regions.
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A 67-year-old man was brought into the cardiology department with complaints of periodical pain in his heart, shortness of breath caused by even slight physical exertion, cyanosis, and edemas. ECG detects premature excitations of heart ventricles. What type of rhythm disturbance is it?
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A 2-month-old child has been diagnosed with cri-du-chat syndrome. This disease is caused by deletion of the short arm of autosome 5. What is the total number of chromosomes in this child?
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Autopsy of a 72-year-old man. with recurrent transmural myocardial infarction revealed his epicardial and pericardial membranes to be swollen, thickened, coarse, as if covered in hair. What type of inflammation occurred in the cardiac membranes in this case?
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In an experiment, a rabbit received guinea pig nephrotoxic serum. What renal disease was modeled in this experiment?
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During a neck surgery, the patient's sternothyroid muscle was damaged by the surgeon. What function will be impaired because of the damage to this muscle?
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Impaired coordination of movements and disturbed muscle tone are signs of alcohol intoxication. These changes are associated with damage to certain cells in the cerebellum. Name these cells.
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A diabetes mellitus patient fell unconscious and developed convulsions after administration of insulin. What glucose levels would be detected by blood. biochemistry in this case?
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