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KROK 1 Dentistry 2023 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2023 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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Cancer cells form in the human body due to the effect of environmental factors. What cells provide antitumor protection?
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A patient has been suffering from pneumonia for a week. Microscopy of a sputum sample detects helminth larvae. Eosinophilia is observed in the patient's blood. What diagnosis can be suspected in this case?
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A patient has high body temperature, increased basal metabolic rate, and tachycardia at rest, which can be caused by hyperfunction of the:
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A patient diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus has kidney damage with nephrotic syndrome. What is the cause of this condition?
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Autopsy of the body of a deceased 64-year-old woman diagnosed with tuberculosis shows a dense and enlarged spleen with multiple small gray-white foci, Microscopy detects caseous necrosis in the center of the foci, surrounded epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, etc. What spleen disorder did this woman develop?
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Examination of a hematopoietic organ reveals lobules formed by lymphoid tissue with stroma that consists of epithelioreticular cells. What organ is being studied?
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A specimen shows a tissue with cells that are located separately and in isogroups. No fibrous structures can be detected within its intercellular substance. What tissue is demonstrated in this specimen?
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For the treatment of gingivitis, a dentist prescribed the patient a drug with an antiprotozoal and antibacterial effect, which can cause an aversion to alcohol. What drug did the doctor prescribe?
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Ten weeks after a case of jaundice, HBsAg were detected in the patient's blood. What pathology is it characteristic of?
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After a family quarrel, a 70-year-old man was hospitalized with the diagnosis. of ischemic heart disease, preinfarction state. What substance can cause a coronary angiospasm in the patient?
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A 36-year-old woman came to a dentist with complaints of facial edema localized under her right eye. After examination, the dentist diagnosed her with phlegmon of the infraorbital region, What teeth often become the source of infection that spreads into this region?
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A patient diagnosed with renal failure shows signs of renal osteodystrophy accompanied by resorption of periodontal bone tissue. This condition is caused by disturbed formation of:
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A woman has edemas and high levels of urine protein. What nephron segment is dysfunctional in this case, as indicated by these signs?
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A 20-year-old pregnant woman has a round reddish formation with ulceration on its surface on the vestibular surface of the gums in her incisor region. Microscopy detects in this formation at similarity to a capillary hemangioma. What diagnosis is likely in this case?
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In the body of a female Anopheles mosquito, the malaria Plasmodium reproduces via copulation (a type of sexual process). What type of host is this insect for malaria Plasmodium?
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Reading of the hereditary information encoded within a gene begins with pre mRNA synthesis on a fragment of DNA matrix chain. Where does this process occur in the eukaryotic cells?
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An organ of the cardiovascular system is composed of cells that connect to each other with intercalated discs. What organ is it?
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In an adult person, mitosis is not observed in certain cells throughout life and the quantity of DNA in them remains constant. What are these cells called?
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Sodium thiopental was administered to a patient as a preanesthetic, after which the patient developed hypersalivation and laryngospasm. What drug could have prevented these effects, if it had been administered in this case?
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A patient has diabetes mellitus with fasting hyperglycemia of over 72 mmol/L. What blood plasma protein would allow to assess the patient's glycemia levels retrospectively (4-8 weeks prior to the examination)?
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A 50-year-old patient, who recovered from a heart attack, five years later died of chronic heart failure. Autopsy detects a dense sac like protrusion on the lateral surface of the wall of the left ventricle. The wall in this place is thinned out, dense, and gray. What cardiac pathology can be characterized by these changes?
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During a visit to a dentist, the patient's oral mucosa is bright red. The patient has angular stomatitis and cheilosis. What vitamin deficiency is observed in this case?
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A woman diagnosed with dysentery was hospitalized into the infectious diseases unit. Laboratory testing determined that the causative agents in this case are Entamoeba histolytica. What drug should she be prescribed?
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A 37-year-old patient was diagnosed with essential hypertension and prescribed lisinopril. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
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What property is not characteristic of low molecular weight heparins, such as enoxaparin, fraxiparine (nadroparin calcium), etc.?
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In diabetes mellitus, the levels of ketone bodies in the blood increase, causing metabolic acidosis. From what substance are ketone bodies synthesized?
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A 3-year-old girl was diagnosed with rubella. Her 10-year-old sister was not infected, despite both girls constantly remaining in contact. The pediatrician determined that the elder girl had rubella 5 years ago, What type of immunity does the elder sister have?
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In an experiment, a test animal had a part of its brain destroyed, which caused the animal to change from a homeothermic to a poikilothermic state. What part of the brain was destroyed in this case?
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In an experiment, the processes of food and water hydrolysis products absorption were studied. It was determined that these processes mainly occur in the following gastrointestinal segment:
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Bacteriology of dental plaque from the oral cavity of a 10-year-old child detects numerous Streptococcus mutans. This microorganism plays the leading role in the development of:
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A patient has high levels of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) in the blood. What changes in the patient's diuresis will occur in this case?
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A patient with diabetes mellitus developed acidosis because of ketone bodies accumulation in the blood. What changes can be observed in the respiratory system in this case?
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A patient with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, who was undergoing treatment with isoniazid, developed signs of B6 hypovitaminosis. What is the cause of this condition?
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A 42-year-old man with an incised wound on the lower anterior surface of his shoulder came to a hospital. Objectively, he presents with impaired forearm flexion. What muscles are likely to be damaged in this patient?
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Patients with ischemic heart disease are prescribed small doses of aspirin that inhibits the synthesis of platelet aggregation activator thromboxane A2. What substance is thromboxane A2 made of?
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A certain antibiotic has low toxicity relatively rarely causes side effects, and is a reserve antibiotic from the group i of macrolides. Its mechanism of action consists of protein synthesis inhibition in bacterial ribosomes by inhibiting the peptide translocase enzyme. What antibiotic is it?
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A 5-year-old child was diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The parents are healthy. The child's maternal uncle and the son of the child's maternal aunt have myopathy too. What is the type of inheritance of this disease?
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A patient came to a family doctor with complaints of weakness, weight loss, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Microscopy of the biopsy material obtained from a lymph node shows giant multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes, eosinophils, and areas of necrosis and sclerosis. What disease can be characterized by the described changes?
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A 59-year-old man was diagnosed with chorea that manifests as involuntary rapid movements accompanied grimaces. Chorea development is associated with damage to a certain brain structure. Name this brain structure.
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Histology of an extracted tooth detects a lower number and reduced size of odontoblasts and pulpocytes with sclerosis of the connective tissue base of the pulp. What diagnosis is likely in this case?
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