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KROK 1 Medicine 2006 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2006 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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Synthesis of phospholipids is disturbed as a result fatty infiltration of liver. Indicate which of the following substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis?
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A patient with clinical signs of immunodeficiency has no changes of the number and functional activity of T- and B-lymphocytes. Defect with disfunction of antigen-presentation to the immunocompetent cells was found during examinatio on the molecule level. Defect of what cells is the most probable?
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The preventive radioprotector was given to a worker of a nuclear power station. What mechanism from the below mentioned is considered to be the main mechanism of radioprotection?
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Buffer capacity of a worker's blood was decreased due to exhausting muscular work. By coming of what acid substance in the blood can this state be explained?
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The process of heart transplantation determined the viability of myocardial cells. The determination of what myocardium parameter is the most important?
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Most participants of Magellan expedition to America died from avi-tominosis. This disease declared itself by general weakness, subcutaneous hemmorhages, falling of teeth, gingival hemmorhages. What is the name of this avitiminosis?
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Albinos can't stand sun impact - they don't aquire sun-tan but get sunburns. Di- sturbed metabolism of what aminoacid underlies this phenomenon?
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A 2-year-old child has got intestinal dysbacteriosis, which resultsed in hemorrhagic syndrome. What is the most likely cause of hemorrhage of the child?
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An individual is characterized by rounded face, broad forehead, a mongolian type of eyelid fold, flattened nasal bridge, permanently open mouth, projecting lower lip, protruding tongue, short neck, flat hands, and stubby fingers. What diagnosis can be put to the patient?
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A 38-year-old woman was admitted to the admission-diagnostic department with uterine bleeding. What are the most likely changes of blood?
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The pulmonalis embolism has suddenly developed in a 40-year-old patient with opened fracture of the hip. Choose the possible kind of embolism:
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Examination of initial molecular structure revealed substitution of the glutamic acid by valine. What inherited pathology is it typical for?
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The calcium canals of cardiomyocytes have been blocked on an isolated rabbit's heart. What changes in the heart's activity can result from it?
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A large-scale reaction with parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums was made in order to make serological diagnostics of the whooping cough. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of Bordetella parapertussis a granular sediment formed. What antibodies did this reaction reveal?
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A 25-year-old patient complained of the decreased vision. Accommodation disorders, dilated pupil, lack of reaction for the light were revealed on examination. What muscles function is disturbed?
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Autopsy of a 46-year-old man revealed multiple brown-and-green layers and hemmorhages on the mucous membrane of rectum and sigmoid colon; slime and some blood in colon lumen; histologically - fibrinous colitis. In course of bacteriological analysis of colon contents S.Sonne were found. What is the most probable diagnosis?
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A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease?
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A 60-year-old patient has reduced perception of high-frequency sounds. What structures' disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes?
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A patient's blood was analyzed and the decreased erythrocyte's sedimentation rate (ESR) was discovered. What disease from the listed below is accompanied with decreased ESR?
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Inflamation is characterized by increased permeability of vessels of microcirculation stream, increase of their hydrodynamic blood pressure. Increasing of the osmotic concentration and dispersi-ty of protein structures is present in the intercellular fluid. What kind of edema will appear in this case?
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Microscopic examination of the enlarged neck gland of a 14-year-old girl revealed destruction of the tissue structure of the node, absence of the lymph follicles, sclerotic areas and necrosis foci, cell constitution of the node is polymorphous, lymphocites, eosinophi-les, big atypical cells with multilobular nuclei (Beresovsky-Sternberg cells) and mononuclear cells of the large size are present. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Part of the DNA chain turned 180 degree as a result of gamma radiation. What type of mutation took place in the DNA chain?
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A patient with continious bronchopneumonia was admitted to the therapeutic department. Antibiotic therapy didn't give much effect. What medication for improvement of immune state should be added to the complex treatment of this patient?
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A patient had been ill with bronchial asthma for many years and died from asthmatic fit. Histologic lung examination revealed: lumen of bronchioles and small bronches contain a lot of mucus with some eosinophils, there is sclerosis of alveolar septums, dilatation of alveole lumen. What mechanism of development of hypersensibility reaction took place?
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A patient suffering from trombophlebi-tis of the deep crural veins suddenly died. Autopsy has shown freely lying red friable masses with dim crimped surface in the trunk and bifurcation of the pulmonary artery. What pathologic process was revealed by morbid anatomist?
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The effect of electric current on the exitable cell caused depolarization of its membrane. Movement of what ions through the membrane caused depolarisation?
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A 46-year-old patient has complained of headache, fatigue, thirst, pains in the spine and joints for the last 2 years. Clinically observed disproportional enlargement of hands, feet, nose, superciliary arches. He notes that he needed to buy bigger shoes three times. What is the main reason of such disproportional enlargement of different parts of the body?
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Increased fragility of vessels, enamel and dentine destruction resulting from scurvy are caused by disorder of collagen maturation. What stage of procollagen modification is disturbed under this avitaminosis?
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As a result of the damage of one of the Atomic Power Plant reactors the runout of radioelements took place. People in the high-radiation area were radiated with approximately 250-300 r. They were immediately hospitalized. What changes in the blood count would be typical for the victims?
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While having the dinner the child choked and aspirated the food. Meavy cough has started, skin and mucose are cyanotic, pulse is rapid, respiration is infrequent, expiration is prolonged. What disorder of the external respiration has the child?
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Patient with abscess of the cut wound applied to the traumatological department. In order to clean the wound from the pus doctor washed it with 3% hydrogen peroxide. Foam was absent. What caused the absence of the drug activity?
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To anaesthetize the surgical treatment of burn surface, a patient was intravenously injected a medication for short-acting narcosis. 1 minute later the patient being under anaesthesia showed increased blood pressure, tachycardia, increased tone of skeletal muscles; reflexes remained. After recovering from anaesthesia the patient had disorientation and visual hallucinations. What medication was the patient injected?
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Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case?
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Live vaccine was injected into the human body. Increasing activity of what connective tissue cells can be expected?
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A mother of a newborn complains of her baby's constant belching with undigested milk. Which developmental anomaly is it an evidence of?
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Scraps of the mycelium of a fungus, spores, air bubbles and fat drops were discovered on microscopy of the patient's hair excluded from the infected areas. What fungus disease is characterized by this microscopic picture?
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Dystrophic alterations of heart are accompanied with dilation of heart cavities, decreased force of heart contractions, increased blood volume that remains during systole in the heart cavity, vein overfill. What heart condition is it typiccal for?
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A pregnant woman had been having toxicosis with severe repeated vomiting for 24 hours. In the end of the day there appeared tetanic convulsions and fluid loss. What shift of acid-base state caused these changes?
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Microspecimen of spinal cord contains a nucleus that should be analyzed. Its neurons form motor endings in the skeletal muscles. What nucleus of spinal cord is meant?
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Desulfiram is widely used in medical practice to prevent alcocholism. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase. Increased level of what metabolite causes aversion to alcochol?
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