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KROK 1 Medicine 2018 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2018 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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A patient, who had received a thermal burn, developed painful boils filled with turbid liquid on the skin. What morphological type of inflammation has developed in the patient?
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A patient has been brought into a surgical ward with an incised wound of the anterior surface of the shoulder in its lower one-third. Flexing function was disturbed in the shoulder and elbow joints, which is caused by the damage to the:
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A patient suffers from posttraumatic hemorrhage that resulted in development of hemorrhagic shock. What volume of circulating blood was lost by the patient?
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In the process of an experiment, vascular resistance to the blood flow was measured in the different areas of circulatory system. The highest resistance was detected in the:
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A 34-year-old man died in a comatose state. According to his family after a business trip to an African country he developed periodical jaundice attacks. Autopsy shows the following: dense enlarged spleen with slate-black pulp; enlarged plethoric liver, gray-black on section; cerebral gray matter is brown-gray; cerebral white matter contains numerous small hemorrhages. What infectious disease can be suspected?
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A 46-year-old patient suffering from ulcer disease of the stomach is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. What antii-nflammatory drug would be the most advisable in this case?
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Autopsy of a woman revealed the following morphologic changes: stenosis of the atrioventricular opening, mitral insufficiency. Histologically there are focal cardiosclerosis and "blooming" Aschoff nodules in the myocardium. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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During cholecystectomy besides cystyca another artery was pulled into the ligature. Ligation of this artery resulted in right-sided necrosis of the liver which led to the death of the patient. What artery was mistakenly ligated along with a. cystyca?
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Blood of the patients with diabetes mellitus shows increased content of free fatty acids. Name the most likely cause of this:
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An oncology patient is to undergo a surgery on the descending colon. Name the main source of blood supply to this organ:
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A patient with clinical signs of a primary immunodeficiency has functionally disturbed mechanism of antigen-presentation to the immunocompetent cells. What cells are likely to have structural defects?
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Due to prolonged stay in the mountains at the altitude of 3000 m above the sea level, a person developed increased oxygen capacity of blood, which was directly caused by intensified production of:
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A patient with contact dermatitis needs to be prescribed an antihistamine drug without somnolescent effect. Select this drug from the lis
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After an X-ray examination of the tuberculosis clinic patient, he was diagnosed with tumor of the right lung. During operation the surgeon removed the middle lobe of the patient’s right lung. This lobe includes:
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A newborn presents with weak suckling, frequent vomiting, and hypotonia. Blood and urine citrulline are very high. What metabolic process is disturbed?
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People, who for a long time remained in hypodynamic state, develop intense pain in the muscles after a physical exertion. What is the most likely cause of this pain?
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During hypersensitivity skin test a patient received an allergen subcutaneously, after which the patient developed skin redness, edema, and pain due to histamine action. This biogenic amine is produced as the result of the following transformation of histidine amino acid:
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During intensive physical exertion, one of the energy sources for the working muscles is glucose produced as the result of gluconeogenesis. This process is the most intensive in the following organ:
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A person becomes less receptive to pain in physically or emotionally straining situations due to activation of:
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A traumatology unit has received a patient with a wrist trauma and a clinical presentation of the damage to the nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel. Name this nerve:
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A 40-year-old woman on examination presents with intensified basal metabolic rate. What hormone present in excess leads to such condition?
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During the prestart period an athlete develops increased frequency and force of cardiac contractions. These changes are caused by intensification of the following reflex responces:
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A man with ischemic heart disease has been taking his medicine too often throughout a day, which resulted in poisoning. Examination detects cyanosis of skin and mucosa, sharp drop of blood pressure, tachycardia, and respiratory depression. Blood methemoglobin is high. What type of medicine did the patient overdose on?
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Coronary artery thrombosis resulted in development of myocardial infarction. What mechanisms of cell damage are leading in this disease?
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A 56-year-old man complains of thirst and frequent urination. The endocrinologist diagnosed this patient with diabetes mellitus and prescribed him glibenclamide. What mechanism of action does this drug have?
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Nitrogen is being excreted from the body mainly as urea. When activity of a certain enzyme in the liver is low, it results in inhibition of urea synthesis and nitrogen accumulation in blood and tissues. Name this enzyme:
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During pregnancy a woman has been taking an antiepileptic drug – sodium valproate. It resulted in her child developing a vertebral column malformation – spina bi-fida. Name the described effect of the drug:
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A 50-year-old inpatient during examination presents with glucosuria and blood glucose of 3.0 mmol/L, which are the most likely to be caused by:
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A 25-year-old woman at her third pregnancy with impending miscarriage was brought to the hospital. What combination of Rh-factor of the mother and the fetus can be the cause of this condition?
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A patient with a chemical burn has developed esophageal stenosis. The patient presents with acute weight loss due to problematic food intake. Blood test: erythrocytes – 3.0 × 1012/l, Hb- 106 g/L, total protein – 57 g/L. What type of starvation does this patient suffer from?
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A test animal receives electrical impulses that irritate the sympathetic nerve that innervates blood vessels of the skin. What reaction will it cause in the blood vessels?
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A patient suffers from hepatic cirrhosis. What substance excreted in urine should be analyzed to characterize the antitoxic function of liver
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An 8-year-old girl presents with signs of disturbed twilight vision. This condition is caused by the deficiency of vitamin:
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A medical student was hospitalized into the infectious diseases unit on the 2nd day after the disease onset; the patient is suspected to have infectious mononucleosis. What results of laboratory analysis can confirm this diagnosis immediately on the day of the hospitalization?
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During the fight a man has received a strong blow to the upper anterior abdominal wall, which resulted in the cardiac arrest. What mechanism has led to the cardiac arrest in this case?
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A 30-year-old man has undergone surgical removal of a thyroid tumor. Histologically the tumor is made up of papillary structures varying in size that emerge from the inner surface of dilated cystic follicles and are covered with atypical epithelium. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A woman has lost a lot of blood during the childbirth. Her blood group needs to be determined. Erythrocyte agglutination occurred with standard serums 0 (I) and А (II) and did not occur with standard serum B (III). What blood group does this woman have?
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Ketosis develops in the patients with diabetes mellitus, as the result of activation of fatty acids oxidation processes. What acid-base imbalance can result from accumulation of excessive ketone bodies in the blood?
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A patient with exacerbated peptic ulcer disease of the stomach has made an appointment with the doctor. What type of drugs should be included in the complex therapy of this patient?
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The right leg of a 40-year-old woman measured at the shin level is by 2 cm smaller in the diameter than the left leg. Ankle-jerk (Achilles) and knee-jerk reflexes are absent on the right. What is the most likely mechanism of hyporeflexia development during peripheral paralysis?
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