HomeKROK Question Archive
KROK Question Archive
KROK 1 Medicine 2018 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2018 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
200 Questions121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160
An electron micrograph of a nephron segment shows cuboidal cells with ciliated lining on their apical surfaces; their basal surfaces have basal striation with mitochondria located between the cytolemma invaginations. Name the described nephron segment:
View question and answer
A 25-year-old young man came to the doctor complaining of general weakness, rapid fatigability, irritability, reduced working ability, and bleeding gums. What vitamin is likely to be deficient in this case?
View question and answer
Ionizing radiation or vitamin E deficiency affect the cell by increasing lysosome membrane permeability. What are the possible consequences of this pathology?
View question and answer
A patient was brought into the infectional diseases hospital on the 8th day since the disease onset. The patient complains of headache, malaise, and weakness. A sample of blood was taken for the serological test. Widal agglutination test results with blood sample diluted 1:200 and typhoid fever O-diagnosticum were positive. What diagnosis can be made based on the results of this test?
View question and answer
The dorsal root of the spinal nerve of a test animal was severed. What changes will occur in the innervation area?
View question and answer
Cell membrane rest potential changed from -85 to -90 mV. It can be caused by activation of the following cell membrane channels:
View question and answer
Genealogical analysis of a child with myotonic dystrophy determined that this disease is present in every generation, equally presented by the relatives of both genders, the risk of inheriting this disease is equal no matter which parent is affected. If one of the parents is heterozygous for this disease and the other parent is healthy, the risk of them giving birth to a sick child is 50%. What type of disease inheritance is it?
View question and answer
A man is a carrier of HIV that is an RNA virus. The cells of this patient synthesize viral DNA. This process is based on:
View question and answer
During influenza epidemic, morbidity in the schoolchildren, who did not participate in sports, was 40%, while in the schoolchildren, who engaged in regular physical activities, morbidity did not exceed 20%. What adaptation mechanism ensured low morbidity in the physically active schoolchildren?
View question and answer
A patient presents with indigestion, stomachaches, and excessive salivation. Similar symptoms had already been observed in this patient previously. Laboratory analysis detected oval eggs covered with lumpy capsules in the patient’s feces. What is the most likely cause of the patient’s disorder?
View question and answer
A patient, who has been taking α-adrenergic blockers, developed a bronchial spasm. What group of bronchodilators should be chosen to stop the bronchial spasm?
View question and answer
A 40-year-old pregnant woman underwent amniocentesis. Examination determined the fetal karyotype to be 47, XY 21. What fetal pathology was detected?
View question and answer
A patient was hospitalized into the infectious diseases unit on the 11th day since the disease onset and provisionally diagnosed with typhoid fever. What biological material should be collected from the patient for the analyzes at this stage?
View question and answer
A 54-year-old man complains of general weakness, frequent colds, and bruises constantly appearing on his body. Blood test: erythrocytes – 2.5 × 1012/l; Hb- 80 g/L; color index – 0.9; reticulocytes – absent; platelets – 50 × 109/l; leukocytes – 58 × 109/l; leukogram: basophil – 5%, eosinophils – 15%, myeloblasts – 6%, myelocytes – 10%, juvenile – 18%, stab neutrophils – 26%, segmented neutrophils – 10%, lymphocytes – 8%, monocytes – 2%, ESR – 40 mm/hour. What hematologic conclusion can be made?
View question and answer
Autopsy revealed a large wedge-shaped patch of a dense dark red tissue with clear margins in the upper lobe of the right lung. Histological examination detected there necrosis of the alveolar walls; the alveolar lumen is tightly packed with erythrocytes. What process occurred in the lungs?
View question and answer
What diagnostic method should be used in industry to test the raw leather for presence of antracis?
View question and answer
A 40-year-old woman suffers from Cushing’s disease – steroid diabetes. On biochemical examination she has hyperglycemia and hypochloremia. What process activates in the first place in such patients?
View question and answer
From the feces of a patient with acute gastroenteritis a pure culture of microorganisms was obtained. The microorganisms are small mobile slightly curved gram-negative bacilli that within 6 hours grow into a light blue film on the 1% alkaline peptone water. Such properties are characteristic of the following microorganism:
View question and answer
A 42-year-old man with gout presents with high content of uric acid in blood. The patient was prescribed allopurinol to lower the concentration of uric acid. Allopurinol is a competitive inhibitor of the following enzyme:
View question and answer
During the first year of life an infant presents with disturbed process of breast milk curdling. What cells of the proper gastric glands are functionally disturbed?
View question and answer
Vestibular receptors of semicircular canals of a test animal have been destroyed. What reflexes will disappear as a result?
View question and answer
A patient with hypochromic anemia has hair with split ends and suffers from hair loss. The nails are brittle. Gustatory sensations are affected. What is the mechanism of development of these symptoms?
View question and answer
A 48-year-old man is unconscious. He has a history of several syncopal episodes with convulsions. ECG shows deformed QRS complexes unconnected with P waves, atrial contractions are approximately 70/min., ventricular contractions – 25-30/min. Name the type of arrhythmia in this case:
View question and answer
A 3-year-old girl with mental retardation has been diagnosed with sphingomyelin lipidosis (Niemann-Pick disease). In this condition the synthesis of the following substance is disturbed:
View question and answer
A 25-year-old woman complains of visual impairment. Examination revealed disturbed eye accommodation, the pupil is dilated and unresponsive to light. What muscles are functionally disturbed in this case?
View question and answer
Vascular endothelium is characterized by high metabolic activity and synthesizes vasoactive substances. Among these substances there is a potent vasodilator synthesized from L-arginine. Name this vasodilator:
View question and answer
Encephalopathy has developed in a child with hemolytic disease of the newborn. What substance had increased in the child’s blood, resulting in damage to the CNS?
View question and answer
On examination the patient presents with hirsutism, moon-shaped face, stretch marks on the abdomen. BP is 190/100 mm Hg, blood glucose is 17.6 mmol/L. What pathology is such clinical presentation characteristic of?
View question and answer
Various biological preparations can be used for poliomyelitis prevention. What drug induces the type of local intestinal mucosal immunity that lasts the longest?
View question and answer
A patient developed proinflammatory process of periodontal tissues caused by activation of the microorganisms inherent in the body, which are a part of oral mucosal microflora. What type of infection is it?
View question and answer
A specimen of a 10-day-old human embryo shows two interconnected sacs (amniotic and yolk sacs). Name the structure located in the place where these two sacs connect:
View question and answer
X-ray examination of a 57-year-old man indicates local areas of hard bone tissue resorption in some of the patient’s bones. These changes can be associated with increased activity of:
View question and answer
A patient with myocardial infarction has acute heart failure. Among the drugs that increase the force of heart contractions the least dangerous in this case will be:
View question and answer
Autopsy of the body revealed waxy degeneration of the rectus abdominis muscles. In the terminal segment of the small intestine there are ulcers 3-5 cm in diameter. The ulcer walls are covered in a crumbling grayish-white substance. The ulcer edges are markedly raised above the mucosa. Widal test is positive. Make the diagnosis:
View question and answer
A 59-year-old man, a business manager, developed intense burning retrosternal pain that irradiates to the left arm. The pain occurred in the evening after the tax audit. 15 minutes later the patient’s condition normalized. What mechanism of angina pectoris development is leading in this patient?
View question and answer
A patient has been taking bisacodyl for a long time to treat chronic constipation. However, several weeks later the aperient effect of the drug diminished. What is the possible cause of this?
View question and answer
A force generated by the muscle is not enough to lift a load. What type of muscle contraction occurs in this case?
View question and answer
A patient with streptococcal infection of the gingiva was prescribed a drug with β-lactam ring in its structure. What drug of those listed below belongs to this pharmacological group?
View question and answer
A 4-year-old child presents with numerous carious cavities and yellow-colored teeth. The mother has a history of antibiotic treatment during her pregnancy. What antibiotic was the most likely taken by the child’s mother?
View question and answer
Preventive vaccination against poliomyelitis is made with inactivated vaccine introduced parenterally. What immunoglobulins create the postvaccinal immunity in this case?
View question and answer